BackgroundInsomnia is a common problem that affects approximately 50% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), who suffer from sleep disturbances. In general, persons with insomnia are at a higher risk of developing depression. This study was conducted to assess insomnia among non-depressed MS patients in Saudi Arabia.MethodsBased on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), those who scored 4 or less for depression out of 598 MS patients were selected (n = 112). A cross-sectional study was conducted to interview 112 non-depressed MS patients in order to assess insomnia among them. A data collection sheet has been designed by the researchers. It comprised socio-demographic variables (e.g., gender, age, area of residence, and marital status) and clinical variables (disease duration, age at disease onset, previous diagnosis of depression, and used antidepressant drugs). Insomnia was assessed by the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), while severity of illness was assessed using the Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS).ResultsA total of 72 patients (64.3%) were females, and 62 (55.4%) were married. Their mean age was 32.6 years (SD = 8.9), ranging from 15 to 56 years. As for educational level, 64 (57.1%) had a Bachelor degree. The mean age at disease onset was 26 years (SD = 8.9). The mean duration of illness was 1.9 years. Symptoms of insomnia were present among 14 patients (12.5%). No statistical significance was found between the mean PDSS of insomnia and non-insomnia patients. Significant differences were present between insomnia and non-insomnia patients as regards their education level (P = 0.005) and use of antidepressant drugs (P = 0.008).ConclusionsPrevalence of insomnia among non-depressed MS patients is low. Insomnia is associated with educational and use of antidepressants. Further research is needed to assess severity of different types of insomnia among depressed and non-depressed MS patients.
Background: This study aimed to assess the oral health status and dental treatment needs of children with Sickle Cell disease (SCD) in Abha and Khamis Mushait cities of southern Saudi Arabia.Methods: A total of 82 children were included in the study, 41 children with SCD and 41 control group. A total of 82 children having age group of 2 to 13 years from Abha and Khamis Mushait cities of southern Saudi Arabia were examined. The clinical examinations were performed by experienced clinicians in those children who fulfilled the required inclusion criteria. Intraoral examination was done using Decayed-Missing-Filled Teeth Index (DMFT Index) and other dental conditions were examined. Statistical analysis was done with Chi square test and level of significance was set at p<0.05.Results: Prevalence of dental caries was shown between the 2 groups of children i.e., SCD and control. When SCD was compared with control group, the Mean ±Standard deviation for decayed missing filled tooth was found to be DMFT= 6.95±4.79, 8.02±4.33 respectively. Statistically no significant difference was found (P=0.290). 17.1% of children with SCD group has gingivitis compared to control group which is 7.3%. Statistically no significant difference was found (P=0.177). Dental trauma, deleterious oral habits and tooth brushing amount SCD children were shown no statistically significant compared to control group.Conclusions: In the present study no significant difference was evident in dental diseases and treatment needs among SCD and Control group.
Background: Preeclampsia (PET) is a pregnancy complication that causes high blood pressure. It is still a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In order to improve health outcomes, there is a greater need to improve PET education among women. This study determines the state of knowledge of preeclampsia among women who live in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among all eligible women who meet the inclusion criteria. The study took place from June to July 2022. A validated online questionnaire was used to collect data about participants' socio demographic characteristics, history of PET, and knowledge of PET, including signs and symptoms, risk factors, complications, timing, and severity. Results: A total of 378 women participated in the study.Almost half of the study population (51.9%) aged >35 years, and 73.3% were married. The mean knowledge score was 11.46 ± 2.54, and only 4% of the participants had good knowledge about preeclampsia. Participants who had >4 previous pregnancies had a significantly higher percentage than those who had a good Knowledge level about preeclampsia (p=< 0.05). Also, we found that participants with an age range from 26-35 years, who had a PET family history, had a significantly higher level of knowledge and those who had previously heard about preeclampsia (p=< 0.05). Conclusion: The knowledge of PET among women in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, is remarkably low. Our findings demonstrated the need for an effective health education program that focuses on improving PET knowledge.
BackgroundFamily medicine is a specialty that provides care for family members' physical, social, and psychological aspects regardless of age, gender, and health conditions. A family physician can manage a wide range of health conditions and prevent various diseases. However, there are scarce data on the awareness and perceptions of the Saudi population regarding family medicine; therefore, we aim to determine the awareness and perception of family medicine and family physicians in the population of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. MethodologyThis cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeddah and randomly enrolled 519 participants aged 18 years and older through an online self-administered survey. Microsoft Excel and SPSS were employed for the data entry and analysis. ResultThe analysis indicated that 86.7% of the participants had heard about family physicians, 55.1% recognized the family physician's role, 61.7% had never visited one, and 57.2% were unfamiliar with the locations of family medicine clinics. ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrated that the general population of Jeddah has moderate positive responses toward the role of a family physician as a vital element in the healthcare system. However, the majority of the participants had never previously visited a family physician and were unfamiliar with the locations of family medicine clinics.
Introduction: Acacia nilotica is widely used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial agent. Endodontic irrigations exhibit lot of disadvantages with incomplete removal of bacteria. Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the prototype irrigation against primary endodontic infections, while 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) is the best for secondary endodontic infections. Aim: This study aims to examine the antimicrobial effect of Acacia nilotica against clinical isolates of endodontic microorganisms compared to traditional(NaOCl and CHX). Materials and Methods: A total of 12 random clinical samples were collected for bacterial isolation and identification. Clinical isolates were identified as (Streptococcus viridans& staphylococcus aureus). A well identified candida albicans was also used. Acacia nilotica bark was collected, washed, dried and then grounded to fine powder. Specimens were percolated in methanol, filtrated, and concentrated for crude extract. Autoclaved Mueller Hinton media were used for antimicrobial sensitivity test. Microorganisms were inoculated and test material was loaded as original and 50% for 24h. Antibacterial activity was measured by zone of inhibition Results: All tested agents showed an excellent zone of inhibition against all microorganisms tested with their original concentration. Acacia nilotica showed excellent ZOI with more linear effect in both concentrations against S. viridans and S. aureus. Conclusion: Acacia nilotica has shown an excellent zone of inhibition in both original and 50% concentration, therefore, it may be an excellent substitute or adjunct irrigation solution of hebetic origin in endodontics. We recommend taking this material to the next level as an endodontic irrigant. Key words : Antimicrobial, Acacia Nilotica, Extracts , Endodontic, Microorganisms
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