An unprecedented enantioselective oxa-Michael reaction of α-tertiary alcohols using cinchona-alkaloid-based chiral bifunctional squaramide catalysts is reported. An oxidative dearomatization of phenol followed by an enantioselective oxa-Michael addition sequence provided a broad array of chiral sterically hindered tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydropyrans attached to a cyclohexadienone moiety in spiro fashion. In general, good yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 %) were observed. The chiral oxo-cycles obtained have easily been transformed into chromans without disturbing the enantioselectivity.
An efficient transition metal-free approach for the generation of N-unsubstituted imines from azides followed by trapping with allyl nucleophile to provide N-unsubstituted homoallylic amines has been described. Although catalytic KO(t)Bu in DMSO is sufficient to allow imine generation, stoichiometric KO(t)Bu is essential in THF. Further, an enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of homoallylic amines from benzyl azide has also been exemplified.
A new palladium-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative cycloisomerization of readily available starting materials, 2-cinnamyl-1,3-dicarbonyls, has been demonstrated for the creation of structurally diverse 2-benzyl furans. The cycloisomerization occurs by a regioselective 5-exo-trig pathway. The reaction shows a broad substrate scope with good to excellent yields. Furthermore, a one-pot procedure has been executed by using readily available cinnamyl alcohols and 1,3-diketones.
An unprecedented intramolecular rearrangement of α-azidoperoxides, promoted by simple organic base to provide tert-butyl esters, has been presented. Further, a one-pot methodology consisting of in situ generation of the α-azidoperoxides from corresponding aldehydes followed by base-promoted rearrangement to obtain the desired ester has also been executed. Relevant mechanistic studies, to provide the proof for intramolecular alkoxy transfer, are investigated.
An efficient catalyst-free synthesis of 6-hydroxy indoles from carboxymethyl cyclohexadienones and primary amines has been developed. The aza-Michael addition of the in situ formed enamine, generated through the condensation of carboxymethyl unit of the substrates with an external amine, to cyclohexadienone moiety followed by rearomatization reaction to provide such indoles. Anilines, aliphatic amines, α-chiral aliphatic amines, or even ammonia were used as amine counterpart. Some of the cyclohexadienones gave 6-amino indoles instead of 6-hydroxy indoles using the ReO catalyst. Various post methodological transformations were performed to explore the synthetic utility of the synthesized hydroxy indoles.
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