Background: Many of the psychiatric disorders and other medical conditions may affect the sexual function of the patients. The present study aims to investigate the frequency of sexual dysfunctions in male psychiatric patients compared to other medically ill patients. Results: Sexual dysfunction among psychiatric patients (51.2%) was significantly higher than among other medical patients (21%). Among the psychiatric patients, those with schizophrenia (75%) had the highest prevalence rate of sexual dysfunctions. The patients with bipolar disorders, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders had the following rates respectively: 55%, 45%, and 30%. Among the other medical patients, those with the cardiac diseases (35%) had the highest prevalence rate of sexual dysfunctions. The patients with hepatic diseases, diabetes, urologic diseases, and respiratory diseases had the following rates respectively: 25%, 20%, 15%, and 10%. Prolactin level among psychiatric patients was significantly higher than among the other medical patients, while there was no significant difference between the psychiatric and other medical patients regarding total testosterone level. Conclusion: Considering the significant relative frequency of sexual dysfunctions in psychiatric patients, more emphasis is recommended to be placed on the prevention and proper treatment of these disorders.
Objective The aim was to assess the prevalence and sociodemographic risk factors of learning disabilities in primary school students studying in a governmental school. Participants and methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted on primary school children. A total of 218 students, of both sexes, represented all primary grades. All students were subjected to modified psychometric tool (MST) to identify the risk students. The students with risk of learning disorders (LDs) on MST were evaluated by the following: (a) visual acuity, hearing test, and intelligent quotient and (b) semistructured clinical interview to confirm diagnosis of LDs according to DSM-IV. In addition, our study explored the correspondence between the prevalence of LDs and the following variables: age, sex, grade level, family history, order of birth of child, and history of epilepsy or severe trauma. Finally, assessment of socioeconomic status was done to identifying the social standards of students’ families. Results A total of 36 (16.5%) students of the total screened (n=218) were identified as at risk by MST; of them, six students had visual and hearing impairment and were excluded from the study. There was increasing prevalence of identified LDs with increasing age, grade level, positive family history, and history of epilepsy. Moreover, students who were identified with LDs were more likely to be from low socioeconomic status. In addition, an association was found between LDs and language developmental delay. Conclusion Learning disabilities were common in primary school students. Screening students for such disorder should be recognized and identified right within the primary school level.
Introduction Alcohol and other substance use are on the rise among the young across the globe. Studies indicate that substance-use behaviors generally begin during adolescence. Early initiation and regular use is often associated with negative consequences. Research on adolescents focuses increasingly on features of the family and social background in predicting substance use, such as parenting style, parental substance use, divorce, separation, child abuse, and so on. Aim This study aimed at exploring the effect of various familial and psychosocial risk factors on the development and severity of substance use in a sample of Egyptian adolescents, the associated life events, and their reflection on the quality of life (QoL). Patients and Methods This is a cross-sectional case–control study. It included two groups: the patient group, which included 50 male adolescents from Abbasiya Mental Health Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, from the outpatient clinic of adolescents addiction, between 12 and 19 years of age who were diagnosed as being substance abusers or substance dependents according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria, and the control group, which included 50 age-matched and sex-matched participants with no current psychiatric or neurological disorders. Tools of assessment used were as follows: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for children and adolescents for clinical diagnosis of substance use disorder, the scoring system of Fahmy and EL-Sherbini for measurement of socioeconomic status, life events stresses questionnaire, and PCASEE questionnaire for QoL for assessment of health status and QoL. Results Overall, 96.6% of the patients were living in medium-level and low-level households, mothers of cases showed more independence in their parenting style, whereas the fathers of the case group were more rejecting than the fathers of the control group, and 72.8% of cases had a positive family history of drug abuse. The most commonly abused substances were tramadol, cannabis, sedatives, hypnotics, alcohol, and heroin. The majority of the studied cases were abusing more than one drug (70%). There is a significant differences between patient and control groups regarding to all life event stressors, including family, economic, study, social, emotional, health, and personal stressors. For assessment of health status and QoL, there were statistically significant differences between patient and control groups regarding physical, cognitive, mood, social, financial, and personal problems. Conclusion The substance use disorders are a major health problem among youth. Tramadol dependency is at the top of all substances abused in Egypt, followed by polysubstances. The findings highlight how family influences subsequent adolescent substance use and how substance use affects all domains of QoL.
Background: Schizophrenia is a mental illness with symptoms like delusions and hallucinations. A recent study concluded that individuals with vitamin D deficiency are twice more likely to have schizophrenia than optimum level vitamin D people. Objective: To measure schizophrenic patients` serum vitamin D concentration and compare it to healthy controls(non schizophrenics), and to investigate the relationship between serum schizophrenia and related potential risk factors. Subjects and Methods: Twenty patients with schizophrenia were recruited and compared to 20 controls with no major psychopathology using age and sex matched case control study. The SCID-1(semi-structured interview for making major DSM-IV Axis 1 diagnoses), was administered and the blood samples were withdrawn after patient consent on the same day. Results: Schizophrenic patients showed a significantly lower mean vitamin D level (14.8±4.5 IU) compared to control group (19.6±3.3 IU) (P<0.001). Higher vitamin D level participants were nearly 80% less likely to have schizophrenia compared to low level ones. Being older and female were 80%and 40% less likely to have schizophrenia respectively. Individuals with large body mass index were 1.2 times more likely to have schizophrenia compared to normal body weight. Smokers were 10% less likely to be schizophrenic compared to non-smoker participants. Conclusions: Patients with schizophrenia showed lower serum vitamin D level compared to healthy controls. Further studies are needed to explore the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Keywords:Vitamin D and Schizophrenia, low vitamin D as a risk of schizophrenia, role of vitamin D in Schizophrenia.
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