Radiological findings of Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) in patients with different etiologies are presented in our study. The study included 12 patients (seven females, five males) for whom radiological examinations were requested due to reasons such as epilepsy, mental retardation, and/or hemiplegia. CT was performed in 12, MRI in 6, MRA in 1, and DSA in 1 patient. Following imaging findings were evaluated: cerebral and cerebellar involvement (laterality, encephalomalacia), affected territories, ventricular enlargement, sulcal enlargement, calvarial thickening, and paranasal sinus enlargement hyperaeration. Age range of the patients was 5-62 (mean 34.1 ± 21.7). Left hemicrania was affected in eight patients, right hemicrania in four. Ipsilateral calvarial thickening and lateral ventricular dilatation were observed in all patients. 11 patients had ipsilateral frontal sinus hyperaeration, sulcal enlargement and encephalomalacia. Wallerian degeneration of the mesencephalon and middle fossa hypoplasia was seen in ten patients, mastoid hyperaeration, third ventricular enlargement and thalamic involvement in nine, and corpus callosum, basal ganglion injury, and sphenoid sinus hyperaeration in eight. MCA, ACA, and PCA territories were involved in six patients. Only MCA territory involvement was seen in four patients. Cerebellar atrophy was contralateral in two patients. Symmetric bilateral atrophy was observed in one patient. DDMS can be encountered with different radiological findings based on cerebral damage formation process and the extent of damage. Patients may have different levels of cerebral hemiatrophy, ipsilateral carvarial thickening, and lateral ventricular dilatation.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the ability of dual-energy CT (DECT), compared with MRI, to identify vertebral compression fractures in acute trauma patients. Methods: This institutional review board-approved study included 23 consecutive patients with 32 vertebral fractures who underwent both DECT and MRI of the spine between February 2014 and September 2014. A total of 209 vertebrae were evaluated for the presence of abnormal bone marrow attenuation on DECT and signal on MRI by five experienced radiologists. The specificity, sensitivity, predictive values and intraobserver and interobserver agreements were calculated. Results: MRI revealed a total of 47 vertebrae (22.4% of all vertebrae) and DECT revealed 44 vertebrae (21.0% of all vertebrae) with oedema. Using MRI as the reference standard, DECT had sensitivity, specificity, positive-predictive value, negative-predictive value and accuracy of 89.3, 98.7, 95.4, 96.9 and 96.6%, respectively. With respect to establishing the presence of oedema, the interobserver agreement was almost perfect (k 5 0.82), and the intraobserver agreement was substantial (k 5 0.80). Conclusion: Compared with MRI, DECT can provide an accurate demonstration of acute vertebral fractures and can be used as an alternative imaging modality for the assessment of vertebral fractures in patients with contraindications for MRI. Advances in knowledge: Distinguishing of acute and chronic vertebral compression fracture is important for treatment choices. DECT is very fast compared with MRI and is an alternative imaging modality for the assessment of vertebral fractures in patients with contraindications for MRI.

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We aimed to evaluate the frequency, radiological-clinical findings of brain herniation into arachnoid granulation (BHAG) in pediatric age group using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were under 18 years of age and underwent brain MRI examination which consists of 3D T1, 3D T2 FLAIR and 3D T2 sequences. A total of 2320 patients were enrolled in the study. All cases of AG into transverse sinus were included. The location of the AG, the deep, transverse, vertical and neck diameters and volume of AG were recorded. Clinical findings and imaging findings of patients were also recorded. The patients were categorized as BHAG and AG without brain herniation (AGWBH). The mean diameters (deep, transverse, vertical and neck) of AG, volume of AG, age, sex, clinical findings and imaging findings were evaluated and compared in each group. 135 patients (71 female, 64 male) had AG in a total of 2320 patients (prevalence 5.81%). Fifteen patients (10.7% of all patients, 11 female, 4 male) had BHAG. The mean diameters (deep, transverse, vertical and neck) and volume of AGWBH were 5.23 ± 1.91, 4.07 ± 1.58, 4.99 ± 1.68, 3.64 ± 1.84 mm and 85.05 ± 89.10 mm, respectively. The mean diameters (deep, transverse, vertical and neck) and volume of BHAG were 7.46 ± 2.6, 6.85 ± 2.34, 8.32 ± 2.35, 5.41 ± 1.79 mm and 331 ± 361.26 mm, respectively. The mean diameters and volume of BHAG were significantly larger than AGWBH (p < 0.001 for all parameters). There was no significant difference related to clinical and imaging findings between groups (p > 0.05). Brain herniation into arachnoid granulation is seen in pediatric age group as frequently as adults. Its frequency is not related to age. It is not significantly associated with neurological symptoms. As the AG size increases, the risk of BHAG increases.

Objective: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a rare life-threatening parasitic infection. Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging has the potential to provide both quantitative and qualitative information about the tissue perfusion characteristics. The purpose of this study was the examination of the characteristic features and feasibility of CTP in AE liver lesions.Material and Methods: CTP scanning was performed in 25 patients who had a total of 35 lesions identified as AE of the liver. Blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), portal venous perfusion (PVP), arterial liver perfusion (ALP), and hepatic perfusion indexes (HPI) were computed for background liver parenchyma and each AE lesion.Results: Significant differences were detected between perfusion values of the AE lesions and background liver tissue. The BV, BF, ALP, and PVP values for all components of the AE liver lesions were significantly lower than the normal liver parenchyma (p<0.01). Conclusions:We suggest that perfusion imaging can be used in AE of the liver. Thus, the quantitative knowledge of perfusion parameters are obtained via CT perfusion imaging.

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Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate liver fat fraction and subcutaneous and visceral fat volumes using new magnetic resonance imaging in normal-weight, overweight, and obese children. Methods Patients at below the 85th percentile of body mass index (BMI) z score (5/25 patients) were assigned to the normal-weight group; patients between 85th and 95th percentile of BMI z score (9/25 patients) were assigned to the overweight group, and patients above the 95th percentile of BMI z score (11/25 patients) were assigned to the obese group. Liver fat fraction and subcutaneous and visceral fat volumes were measured on 3-dimensional volume measurement workstation. Results Liver fat fraction and subcutaneous fat volume had weak correlation (r = 0.18, P = 0.411). Liver fat fraction and visceral fat volume revealed weak correlation (r = 0.25, P = 0.672); visceral and subcutaneous fat volume demonstrated strong correlation (r = 0.67, P = 0.047). Conclusions There is strong correlation between subcutaneous fat volume and visceral fat volume in overweight and obese children.