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The type of operation performed for perforated necrotizing enterocolitis does not influence survival or other clinically important early outcomes in preterm infants. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00252681.).

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CSI in patients younger than 3 years is uncommon. Four simple clinical predictors can be used in conjunction to the physical examination to substantially reduce the use of radiographic imaging in this patient population.

Survival to hospital discharge after operation for NEC or IP in ELBW neonates remains poor (51%). Patients with a preoperative diagnosis of NEC have a relative risk for death of 1.4 compared with those with a preoperative diagnosis of IP. A distinction can be made preoperatively between NEC and IP based on abdominal radiographic findings and the patient's age at operation. Future randomized trials that compare laparotomy versus drainage would likely benefit from stratification of treatment assignment based on preoperative diagnosis.

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