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In an attempt to align instructional resources with new state standards and to increase teacher awareness of these standards, one large suburban public school district piloted the development and adoption of open secondary science textbooks. Open textbooks created by teachers in grades six through nine replaced conventional science textbooks provided by mainstream publishing companies. Therefore, grade nine students were not included in this study. At the end of the first quarter, middle school students (grades six through eight) who used the open textbooks were surveyed. Survey responses required respondents to consider their learning before and during the use of the open textbook. The survey included quality and presentation of content questions, as well as an opportunity for students to explain their responses. There were qualitative and quantitative indications that students' perceptions of an open textbook in place of a standard textbook are improving students' attitudes and behaviors toward learning.
This article examines the employment of undocumented workers by Los Angeles manufacturers of automobile parts. It suggests that this is part of a broad trend towards primary labor market erosion. The labor force is termed transitional because it is seen as facilitating firms during the current period of industrial change. Insight into the role of these workers is derived from eight case studies representing 926 workers. Regressions on the determinants of wages and the percent undocumented in the workplace are developed from 21 firms and 2,321 workers.
In this paper, we analyze the changing industrial structure, nature of job opportunities and income among Latin American immigrants in Los Angeles to illustrate their shifting employment position within the economy. Using regression analysis of secondary data, we conclude that the extent of stable employment is growing and increasingly filled by immigrant women. This trend is contributing to a nation-wide trend toward the bifurcation of income and employment evident since the late 1970s. The Los Angeles example is suggestive of how flexibility is achieved in an increasingly global economy, and demonstrates the centrality of female immigrant labor to this process.
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