The concept of resilience remains under-researched in the multiple sclerosis literature. Consequently, current understanding of the unique and joint contribution of disability-specific variables, cognitive-behavioural skills and social resources to this dynamic process is limited. A holistic model of resilience was therefore developed and tested. Results of an online survey completed by 196 adults with multiple sclerosis revealed both direct and indirect pathways to resilience, with positive affect and self-efficacy being the strongest predictors. The findings lend support to psychological interventions which focus on promoting the personal resources and assets needed to cope effectively with multiple sclerosis.

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Objective To describe models used for the training of labour ward personnel in acute obstetric emergencies and to describe how these models have been evaluated and compared. Design A systematic review of the following databases: Medline, the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, PsycLit, Allied and Alternative Medicine, Education Resources Information Center and the Cochrane Library using a structured search strategy. Setting Labour ward. Population or Sample Labour ward personnel.Inclusion criteria All papers that described or evaluated any form of drill or training in acute obstetric emergencies involving any personnel in a labour ward environment were included. Descriptions of training in developing countries were excluded. Methods Papers were classified as editorials or commentaries, papers describing a training programme or papers evaluating a training method. A data collection form was used to extract relevant information by two investigators independently. Main outcome measure Description of training models.Results Of 44 relevant papers, 22 were classed as editorials or commentaries. Six descriptions of training programmes were found and four papers involved an evaluation of such programmes. All evaluations involved the use of questionnaires to course participants. No studies comparing one form of training with another were found. Conclusions With regard to training in acute obstetric emergencies, few training programmes have been described, and even fewer have been evaluated. Training methods need to be developed, described and evaluated; further well-conducted research for this important intervention is urgently required.

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We found no overall difference between glyceryl trinitrate and ritodrine in the acute tocolysis of preterm labor but a suggested advantage of glyceryl trinitrate over ritodrine in reducing preterm delivery rate. The maternal side effect profile and treatment discontinuation rates were fewer for glyceryl trinitrate, suggesting it was a safer alternative to ritodrine.

These findings have implications for the theoretical role of shame in mental health presentations as well as the potential for internalizing shame coping styles (i.e., withdrawal, attack self) to act as a barrier to successful therapy and interpersonal relationships. The inclusion of shame-focused assessments and interventions in the initial stages of treatment with clients exhibiting these strategies could improve prognosis.

The timing of trophoblast invasion, as reflected by abnormal uterine artery waveforms, may have an effect on birthweight.

Low-dose prophylactic transdermal glyceryl trinitrate commenced late in the second trimester did not reduce the incidence of pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery or fetal growth restriction, but may increase the likelihood of a complication-free pregnancy. Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate (5 mg/day) did not affect maternal cardiovascular, uterine artery or fetal arterial Doppler parameters.