Thermal Energy Storage (TES) materials, such as Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are proven to enhance the energy efficiency in many fields, such as automotive and building sectors, which correspond to the most energy intensive ones. Shape-stabilized PCM and cascade PCM are procedures to overcome the most important barriers when PCMs are applied since PCMs need to be encapsulated for their technical use: the leakage of the liquid phase, corrosion, low heat transfer and narrow temperature of application. In the present study, a novel shape stabilized PCM with cascade performance (cascade shape stabilized phase change material, CSS-PCM) is synthesized via dissolution, which allows up to 60 wt.% of a paraffin-PCM in the final composition. The novel CSS-PCM is based on a biopolymer, the polycaprolactone (PCL), a low melting temperature polyester as polymeric matrix and RT27 and Micronal DS 5040 acting as PCM. To evaluate the performance of the new TES materials developed, several techniques have been used: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier-Transformed Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used to evaluate the thermophysical properties and the chemical properties of the different formulations. The CSS-PCM show an increment of storage capacity by increasing the PCM content, and the thermal reliability was also tested: some of the CSS-PCM formulations were stable for up to 500 thermal cycles. Finally, as a potential application of the new polymeric-based PCM 3D, a printing attempt was performed in order to analyze the viability of the formulations to be used as 3D printing material as a first proof of concept.
Nanofluid concept was defined over 28 years ago. Since then, a veritable science has been developed around this concept. From 1993 until 2020, up to 18021 articles were published in high-quality journals worldwide. The high scientific interest in nanofluids lies in their exceptional
thermophysical properties and their possibilities to design more efficient processes and systems. Although the numerous articles, there is a lack of information on the scope, its social and economic impact, or its future trends. This study provides an overview through bibliometric methods
that allow better knowledge of the research field. The main goal is to offer a more generalized and strategic vision to help those researchers interested in this topic with accurate information on its impact. In addition, this study helps to maximize international collaborations and provide
relevant information to decision-makers. The analysis reveals that research in nanofluids in the last decade has experienced a great specialization in a wide variety of new applications, reaching more new sectors. The main research communities, the most productive authors, or the most relevant
journals are some of the analyzed metrics that provide key parameters for contextualization, allowing a clear vision of the current state of the nanofluids research field.
Shape‐stabilized phase change materials (SS‐PCM) are promising materials given their potential to control leakage of liquid PCM. However, SS‐PCM still has low thermal conductivity and high flammability, which are important properties for several applications, such as the thermal indoor comfort in buildings. In this study, two new polymeric SS‐PCM were developed and their properties were optimized by the use of different additives. Both high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyoxymethylene (POM) work as matrix materials and MPCM 28 from Microtek acts as PCM. Besides, the graphite was used as an additive material to increase the thermal conductivity, and the magnesium hydroxide to minimize flammability of the composite. Both inorganic fillers also help in the PCM dispersion within the matrix. To evaluate the effect of each component, seven formulations were manufactured by a single screw extruder and a set of characterization (Differential scanning calorimetry, Thermogravimetric analyses, for thermophysical evaluation, and dynamical mechanical analyses, for thermomechanical evaluation over 1000 thermal cycles was performed. The main outputs of the investigation are the proposed formulations that have a good fire reaction performance, whereas their thermal and chemical stability are guaranteed up to 1000 cycles. The HDPE samples present around 12 kJ/kg melting enthalpy when 10 wt% microencapsulated PCM is included in the formulation. In addition, the POM samples present around 7.5 kJ/kg when 10 wt% microencapsulated PCM is included in the formulation. For all formulations, the melting enthalpy obtained is around 27.5°C, in concordance with the reported by the manufacturer.
The revalorization of solid wastes and by‐products to be applied as solid particles in concentrated solar power (CSP) leads to cost savings and progresses toward more sustainable technology. Herein, the physicochemical, morphological, thermal, and solar absorption properties are evaluated for electric arc furnace dust, black slag from the steel industry, and Gossan waste from the Rio Tinto mining industry. The principal objectives of this work are (i) to carry out a thermal aging at 900 °C at different times, (ii) to assess the solid's stability throughout the evaluation of physicochemical, morphological, thermal, and optical properties of the material as received, after 300 and 500 h of thermal aging, and (iii) to determine the most appropriate candidate as a thermal energy storage medium and heat transfer fluid for the CSP concept with solid particles. The results show that electric arc furnace black slag is the most suitable candidate from the three solids studied, as it is the one that optimizes the combination of absorptance, thermal conductivity, and chemical stability after thermal aging.
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