In the present study an electrochemical adonization procedure was used to manufacture the nanostructures, to improve the hardness and to reduce long term damage on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, using a glycerol organic tool and HCl as an electrolyte. With Raman microscopy, different vibrational modes related to the two TiO2 phases (anatase and rutile) were observed. Using scanning electron microscopy, a uniform growth of TiO2 nanotubes was observed when the percentage of glycerol was increased in the solution. The hardness value raised 6.75 GPa, but after anodization and thermal treatment a maximum value of 10.25 GPa was achieved, according to the value reported of the alloy that is between 2.942 GPa and 3.92 GPa. Finally, the TiO2 nanostructures growing process made a hardness improvement and lowered the alloy friction coefficient from 0.67 to a minimum of 0.59.
Electrochemical anodization was performed for surface modification of Ti-6Al-4V, using an HCl-based electrolyte. The effect of increasing the electrode spacing of the electrochemical cell by 1, 2, and 2.5 cm on the hardness and COF was investigated. Using a 0.5 M solution of HCl and glycerol in different percentages (85, 90, and 95 %), a voltage of 30 V and a time of 5 minutes. The results revealed the growth of nanotubular structures, which contribute to the increase in hardness, obtaining a maximum of 7.1 GPa for the anodized samples and the reduction of COF to a minimum of 0.5. While the heat-treated samples increased their microhardness up to 10.25 GPa.
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