This study aims to is to find factors affecting loyalty consumers fast food restaurant in Bengkulu City seen from approach extended marketing mix (7p). Variable latent used in this research was extended marketing mix , demografy , customer satisfaction and loyalty consumers. A method of the sample collection with accidental where the sample collection on coincidence and the method of analysis the data used was structural equation modelling (SEM). The method for data analysis was Structural Equation Modeling to examine the causal relationship between observed variables. This study uses two-stage method, where first phased measurement Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and the second stage measurement was Second Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA-2). From the Googness Of Fit (GOF) 1 a gauge that indicates match a less well, 5 size gof showing match quite good (marginal fit) and 10 size gof showing match the best good fit. So that it can be concluded that match a whole model is good. The final result of this study shows the variables that make up the extended marketing mix is product, price, place, physical evidence and process where this variable has a significant effect on loyalty both direct relationship and consumer satisfaction variable as Intervening variable. While the demographic variables have no significant effect on loyalty variable directly or indirect relationship with satisfaction as intervening variable. Keywords: Loyalty, Extended Marketing Mix, SEM, CFA and GOF
The Covid-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on various aspects of life, including the fields of health, economy, industry, and agriculture in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on stock prices and stock price volatility in agricultural companies in Indonesia. The data used in this study is daily stock price data of agricultural companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange from December 2019 to May 2020. To answer the research objectives, a paired sample t-test was conducted on stock prices and daily stock price volatility of agricultural companies before the Covid-19 pandemic (data from December 5, 2019 to March 1, 2020) compared to stock prices and daily stock price volatility of agricultural companies after the Indonesian government announced cases of Covid-19 (March 2, 2020 to May 31, 2020). The volatility of stock prices of agricultural companies is measured by following the approach taken by Parkinson (1980). The results of the analysis show that the Covid-19 pandemic has a negative and significant impact on stock prices of agricultural companies in Indonesia that is the average stock price of agricultural companies decreased by 34.01%. Furthermore, the results of the study also show that the Covid-19 pandemic has caused the dynamics of stock prices of agricultural companies in Indonesia to become more volatile. This provides an understanding that the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased business risk for agricultural companies in Indonesia along with the dynamics of stock price movements.
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