The present study was accomplished to study the effect of fourteen cultivars (Keitt, Ewais, White Succari, Tommy Atkins, Fajri Klan, Zebda, Alphonso, Sedeek, Naomi, Mesk, Baladi Dabsha, Baladi Arnaba, Cobania and Totapuri) of Mangifera indica L. leaves aqueous extracts (MILAE) on germination and some growth parameters as well as seedling protein profile of Hibiscus esculentus L. (okra seeds) in mixed cropping system. The study was extented to characterize and discriminate among the aforementioned cultivars. The allelopathic potential of fourteen cultivars of M. indica leaves aqueous extracts (MILAE) on germination efficiency and growth parameters of H. esculantus L. seeds (as a recipient bioassay material) was completely studied. Hypocotyl length (HL) was more sensitive than radicle length (RL) for all studied cultivars. At the all concentrations level, Mesk cultivar exerted the highest allelopathic effect, while Totapuri cultivar showed the lowest one on the germination percentage (GP), inhibition percentage (IP), the time to get 50% germination (T 50 ), mean germination time (MGT), germination energy (GE), seed germination index (SGI), emergence percentage (EP), mean emergence time (MET), seedling emergence index (EI), seedling vigour index (SVI), hypocotyl (HL) and radicle (RL) lengths, seedling fresh (SFW) and dry (SDW) weights.Seedling protein electrophoresis data revealed that Tommy Atkins cultivar attained the minimum values for both the number of bands and the percentage of polymorphism, 6 bands and 27%, respectively. On the other hand, the maximum values were achieved from both Naomi and Totapuri cultivars, 11 bands and 51%. Reversibly, the genomic template stability (GTS %) oscillated from 32% in Cobania cultivar to 64% in specimen Tommy Atkins cultivar. The resulted dendrograms by using allelopathic and molecular data as well as seedling protein electophoresis ascertains three aggregations. The first assembly includes Sedeek, Naomi and Mesk cultivars. The second gathers Keitt and Ewais cultivars. While, the third clusters Fajri Klan, Zebda and Alphonso cultivars.

The nutlet micromorphology of 11 Teucrium taxa from Libya was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The variation in shape, color, size and ornamentation of mericarp helped for taxa discrimination. Furthermore, T. capitatum and T. polium subsp. flavovirens are reported here for the first time in Libya.

Pollen grains of 11 taxa of Teucrium from Libya were examined using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to provide better insight on the evaluation of palynological attributes for species characterization of Teucrium with special emphasis on the five Libyan endemic. Two main pollen shapes were documented; subprolate and prolate or perprolate in T. fruticans. The exine sculpture inspected at surface, operculum and pole were mostly verrucate, perforate or scabrate. Teucrium fruticans attained the phenomenon of pollen dimorphism with two distinct shapes and specifics sculpture for each form. The results validated the taxonomic significance of pollen grains for the discrimination among Teucrium species in Libya.

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Launaea is a polymorphic genus with inter- and intraspecific inconsistencies. The study aimed to revise the classification and identification of Launaea species in Egypt. The study also aimed to assess the inter- and intraspecific variation among taxa using macro- and micromorphological characters. Numerical analysis was carried out on 156 specimens, which were collected from 63 sites in Egypt. The results revealed that L. arabica, L. capitata, L. intybacea and L. spinosa were significantly (p-value < 2.2 × 10−16 ***) discriminated from the other species at a high dissimilarity level. Launaea acanthodes was correctly identified as Lactuca orientalis. The study supported the inclusion of L. intybacea, L. massauensis and L. nudicaulis within section Microrhynchus, the separation of L. angustifolia and L. arabica in two distinct species. Two biotypes of L. nudicaulis were morphologically differentiated. Launaea fragilis subsp. fragilis showed considerable plasticity and variability in various characters; therefore, L. tenuiloba was considered to be merely an ecotype of L. fragilis. Launaea mucronata comprises two subspecies; cassiniana and mucronata, differentiated by their pappus type, conspicuous secondary ribs of the inner achenes, and the number of spines on the polar area of pollen grains.

Wild medicinal plants are an efficient source of anticancer agents. The widely distributed Launaea fragilis and Launaea nudicaulis in Egypt were investigated for their anti-proliferative activities against some cancer cell lines. Ethanol extracts of the two species were evaluated in vitro by Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay on six cell lines; hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2), prostatic carcinoma (PC-3), colorectal carcinoma (HCT116), non-small cell lung carcinoma (H1299), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2). The results showed that the incubation of both L. fragilis and L. nudicaulis with non-small cell lung carcinoma (H1299) inhibited significantly the cell proliferation with IC 50 =26.5 and 20 µg/ml, respectively. Launaea fragilis recorded the lowest inhibition values for prostatic carcinoma (PC-3) with IC 50 =40µg/ml. However, breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) revealed the lowest inhibition value for L. nudicaulis with IC 50 =35µg/ml. Ethanol extract of L. nudicaulis was more effective in the inhibition of the cell proliferation than that of L. fragilis for the six cell lines.

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Seed protein analyses as a support to the transfer of Trigonella cylindracea Desv. and T. polyceratia (L.) Trautv. to genus Medicago L.