Background: Incidence of congenital heart disease is 8-10/1000 live birth which is established by many studies carried out in many centers worldwide. In Bangladesh no incidence study was carried out so far. Newborn children presenting with various forms of congenital heart disease is a common problem now a days. Neonatologists and paediatricians are now more conscious about early detection and treatment of newborn with congenital heart diseases. Diagnostic facilities are also available in many places. So an individual incidence record from an ideal center of our country is a demand of the time which led carrying out this study. Methods: This prospective study was carried out in Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka over a period of three years (2004 – 2006). All five thousand six hundred and sixty eight live births weighing more than 500 gm and more than 28 weeks gestational period were subjected to a thorough clinical examination within 72 hours of birth. Those suspected to have any form of congenital heart disease (CHD) were followed up every 4-6 wks for a period of 12 months. Echocardiography with color Doppler was performed in all these newborn including those who reported late but were delivered in obstetrics department of Combined Military Hospital Dhaka. Result: One hundred forty two babies out of 5668 live birth had CHD, ie, 25/1000 live births. Incidence of CHD was higher in pre terms as compared to full term live birth. Some of the patients (18.30%) has other associated somatic anomalies among which Down’s syndrome was commonest (9.15%). Most common congenital heart lesions were Atrial Septal Defect (ASD-26%), Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD-16.9%), Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA-18%), Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF-14%), Pulmonary Stenosis (PS-7.75%) etc. Those who were found to have congenital heart disease were managed accordingly. Some patients had spontaneous closure of defects in first year follow up period. Conclusion: The incidence of Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) depends upon various factors like nature of the samples (all live birth or all birth) or on the spot examination by a Paediatric cardiologist. A hospital which has Obstetric, Neonatal and Paediatric cardiology unit can carried out this kind of study successfully. In this study screening of asymptomatic high risk neonates also contributes in early detection of many trivial lesions. Severe lesions were also detected by the paediatric cardiologist who usually expire before being referred from other hospitals and before being diagnosis is established. So a higher incidence rate is recorded in this study. Key words: Congenital heart disease; Echocardiography DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i1.8199 Cardiovasc. j. 2008; 1(1) : 14-20

Introduction: Pneumonia is a frequent and serious human illness. In Bangladesh, Acute Lower Respiratory Infection (ALRI) is a major cause of death among young children. Childhood mortality can be reduced by 50% with detection and early treatment of illness with antibiotics and immunization. Zinc plays an important role in the optimal function of the immune system by reducing the risk, severity and duration of infectious diseases. Zinc supplementation improves health and cell mediated immunity. Objectives: This study is aimed at documenting effect of zinc supplementation in preschool children on reducing ALRI. Methods: This was a double blind random control trial interventional study among180 child, conducted at Comilla CMH, from January 2010 to December 2011. The children aged 6-60 months were selected randomly for comparison of effect of Zinc and Vitamin B-Complex on ALRI. Results: In the study population, male to female ratio was 1.05:1. Baseline average age was 32 months and weight for height was 92% Of NCHS mean. It was found that 89% children completed immunization as per EPI schedule, the rest 11% were partially immunized. Twenty nine percent children had family history of Atopy. This study showed 15 episodes of ALRI in Zinc group in the control B-Complex group (1.09episodes/child/year) during the six months follow-up. There was no association of ALRI with sex. The male female ratio in this respect was 1.07:1. In this study there was statistically significant and clinically important (67%) reduction of episodes of ALRI in oral Zinc supplement group. Conclusion: This finding strongly suggests that oral supplement of Zinc reduces episodes of ALRI in children. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v9i1.18736 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.9(1) 2013: 84-89

Introduction: Incidence of low birth weight (LBW) neonates is high in the developing countries. In Bangladesh LBW accounts for one of the leading causes of less than 5 years children mortality. Long term follow up is required to reduce morbidity. Objectives: To evaluate the incidence and outcome of low birth weight neonates in a hospital set up. Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out on 67 low birth weight neonates admitted in the neonatal ICU of Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Chittagong over a period of one year. All the date was recorded in a questionnaire. Study group was regularly followed up to know outcome. Results: Out of 282 total neonatal admissions 67 (23.76%) was LBW. Thirty eight (57.71%) were preterm and 29 (43.28%) were term but small for date. Male 37 (55.22%) predominated female 30 (44.77%). Thirty one (81.57%) of preterm and 21 (72.41%) of small for gestational age (SGA) neonates had normal growth & psychomotor development. Out of 9 patients 3 (7.89%) of preterm & 6 (20.68%) of SGA neonates had developmental delay in various aspects of developmental milestones which was observed in the follow up period of this study. Four (5.97%) died in this study & one preterm neonates developed retinopathy of prematurity. Conclusion: Early follow up can find out cases with developmental delay. Early intervention can reduce morbidity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v9i1.18738 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.9(1) 2013: 98-104