The studies were conducted at the experimental base of the Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture in 1996-2014 to adapt fertilizer systems and basic tillage to achieve yields of 3-5 t/ha. The article cited data on winter wheatthe second crop of the third rotation of the eight-field grain-grass-crop rotation for 2013-2014. We studied the effect of organomineral, organic, mineral fertilizer systems on the winter wheat yield using a differentiated approach to their use in combination with different primary tillage systems (dump plowing to the depth of the arable layer, multi-depth loosening and loosening to a depth of 15-16). The organomineral fertilizer system differed with the saturation with organic fertilizers of 7 t/ha of arable land per year + N36P32K60 according to the balance sheet for receiving 4 t/ha of grain with spring fertilizing using ammonium nitrate, where the yield was 4. 03 t/ha, and the saving on mineral fertilizers, depending on crop rotation and soil saturation with organic matter, was 25-35 %. The yield of winter wheat by the water-saving technology amounted to 4.03 t/ha with a planned level of 4.0 t/ha. At the same time, at the purchase price of 7 rubles/kg, the level of profitability rose to 195.85 %, the cost of 1 center of grain amounted to 236.6 rubles.
The efficiency of Bioplant Flora fertilizer was experimentally proved in increasing the winter wheat productivity of Kazanskaya 560 in the conditions of Middle Volga region. The research was carried out in 2009–2012 years on stationary experiments of Agriculture and agrochemical research Department of the Tatar Scientific Institute of Agriculture in accordance with generally accepted methods. The soil is gray forest, the humus content is 3.0-3.5%, phosphorus and potassium - 250-260 and 80-100 mg/kg, respectively, the amount of absorbed bases is 20-21 mg-eq/100 g, рНсол of arable layer is 5.0 and 5.5. The studies were conducted to study the responsiveness of winter wheat of Kazanskaya 560 variety to the humate fertilizer Bioplant Flora. Bioplant Flora is the newest, nanotechnological fertilizer based on humic acids with trace elements, which was used as a foliar application in autumn based on 2 litres per hectare against the background of the main fertilizer, calculated for N22Р39К62 4 tons per hectare of grain. Pre-sowing seed treatment with Bioplant Flora at a dose of 0.5 litre per hectare of seeds was used against the background of N22Р39К62 4 tons per hectare of grain. Plant nutrition with Bioplant Flora fertilizer stimulated the growth and development of plants that effectively used nutrients from the soil to increase grain yield. The optimal term for treatment of winter wheat by Bioplant Flora is autumn application for seedlings based on 2 litres per hectare. At the same time, the productivity increased by 0.46-0.53 tons per hectare, depending on the application of Bioplant Flora. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds by Bioplant Flora based on 0.5 litres per ton of seeds against the background of the main fertilizer for 4 tons per hectare of grain, on average for 2010-2012, provided a productivity increase of 0.21 tons per hectare. Against this background, the autumn treatment by Bioplant Flora allowed to increase the productivity to 0.15 tons per hectare, compared to the sample without fertilizers. At the same time, the average for 2010-2012 the profit was obtained - 11981 rubles per hectare, the cost of grain amounted to 3596.0 rubles per ton, the profitability of production - 94.6%.
The article discusses the influence of the main fertilizer in combination with additional fertilizing on the feeding regime of soil and productivity of “Kazanskaya 560” winter wheat variety. The provision of soil with available nutrients is achieved through the rational use of fertilizers in crop rotations. In 2010-2012 an additional fertilizing by Humate “Bioplant Flora” at a rate of 2 litre per hectare in autumn increased yield to 4.6-5.5 centner per hectare, depending on the background of the basic fertilizer. Additional spring fertilizing in early plant growth by Bioplant Flora on the background of autumn feeding practically does not increase the yield of winter wheat. Fertilizing with ammonium nitrate at a rate of 1.5 center in share weight per hectare increased the average yield to 2.1-2.4 tons per hectare for the period 2010-2012, depending on the background of the main treatment. In favorable 2011 it increased the yield to 1.5-3.5 centner per hectare. Adding NPK at sowing in rows at 1 centner per hectare in share weight increases yields to 3.5 centner per hectare without feeding, to 7.5 centner per hectare with the autumn fertilizing by Bioplant Flora, to 5.6 centner per hectare with the spring fertilizing with ammonium nitrate, comparing with the background without fertilizers. Thus, the differential application of the basic fertilizer, combined with fertilizing, improves the soil nutrient status and facilitates the formation of a predetermined amount of yield.
The paper presents an assessment of the state of the soil after harvesting crops (cereals, legumes, technical, perennial grasses) on the experimental fields of the Agrobiotechnopark of Kazan State Agrarian University in industrial crops. The studies were carried out in 2022, which was characterized by significant differences in moisture conditions during the growing season of plants (the first half of the growing season is wet, the second half is dry). All plots were located on highly cultivated, gray forest, medium loamy soil. A comprehensive assessment of soils was carried out using the methods of agrophysical studies of soils and methods of soil biology. To assess the state of soil biology, the number of microorganisms, Protozoa and nematodes was taken into account. Simultaneously, the phytotoxicity of soils for model plants was determined. Analysis of the accumulation of available water in the soil and the share of agronomically valuable aggregates showed that the maximum values were after mustard. After this crop, there was a decrease in the density of soil composition. The deterioration of the agrophysical properties of the soil was noted after spring crops. A pronounced phytotoxic effect of soil extracts after spring barley, peas and potatoes was established in relation to lettuce test plants. A similar effect on the wheat test plant was noted after potatoes. Improvement in agrophysical properties, low phytotoxicity and suppression of the development of Fusarium fungi among the studied crops, the advantage was noted for Sarepta mustard. After peas, an increase in the number of Azotobacter bacteria in the soil was noted, and after winter wheat, an increase in the number of ciliates in the soil was noted. The results obtained confirmed the differences in the state of soils after various crops, which must be taken into account when selecting predecessors in crop rotation.
The paper discusses the issues of fertilizers effect on germination, plant productivity and overwintering of Kazanskaya 560 variety winter wheat. The results showed that pre-sowing seed treatment by Humate fertilizer “Bioplant Floro” calculated 0.5 liters per ton increases the seed germination to 4-5%, the accumulation of sugars in the tillering nodes of winter wheat to 10-11%, and the safety of overwintering plants to cleaning to 5-10%. The calculated fertilizer norms allow to get close to planned levels of crop during favorable weather conditions. Treating the seeds by “Bioplant Flora”, the yield exceeded the target level (4.1 tons per hectare instead of planned 4 tons per hectare of grain). An application NPK and ammonium nitrate as an ordinal fertilizer at planting provides almost the same level of productivity of the main fertilizers, calculated to produce 3 tons per hectare. It is undesirable to use ammonium nitrate fertilizer on winter wheat as ordinal, especially after steam cleaner with a high nitrogen content. This can reduce its winter hardiness quality. Good results are obtained by using nitrate in the doze 1 centner per hectare in bulk
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