For many years, the largest sown areas in the Republic of Tatarstan have been devoted to spring wheat. Revealing the effect of biological preparations on growth processes, plant resistance to unfavorable conditions and stresses is an important issue in the cultivation technology within the framework of biological agriculture. In studies conducted in 2018-2019 with the Ulyanovskaya 100 spring wheat variety, biological fungicides and an adaptogen were used to increase resistance to adverse conditions from the collection of the Kazan State Agrarian University. The complex use of biological fungicides in the conditions of gray forest soils made it possible to increase the yield of spring wheat by 10.6 %, and the combined use of biological fungicides and an adaptogen contributed to an increase in the yield to 15.2 %.
The article is devoted to the question of the influence of various agro-technological methods on the development of diseases, pests, as well as on the lodging of spring wheat. Over the years of research (2019–2020) on spring wheat crops, the effect of calculated doses of fertilizers at different rates of sowing seeds on plant damage by latent pests and leaf rust damage, as well as the resistance of spring wheat plants to lodging was studied. On the basis of the results obtained, it was possible to establish that at strongly reduced seeding rates, regardless of the nutritional background, the number of damaged plants by the fruit fly, as well as damage by leaf rust, increased sharply. At the same time, excessive thickening of crops did not contribute to a significant further decrease in damage and susceptibility, as well as to lodging of plants.
The most valuable and widespread food crop is spring wheat. Soil and climatic conditions influence the grain productivity and quality. The grain quality is affected by air humidity, insolation, nitrogen content in the soil and agricultural technologies. In 2019–2020, on the experimental field of the agronomic faculty of Kazan State Agrarian University, studies aimed to identify the reaction of the Ulyanovskaya 105 spring soft wheat to meteorological conditions and agricultural background were carried out. The soil was light gray forest, medium loamy. The predecessor was winter rye after pure fallow. Meteorological conditions were favorable for the growth and development of spring wheat. In 2019, the HMC was 1.36, in 2020 – 1.13. The maximum yield in 2019 and in 2020 was obtained with the application of calculated doses of fertilizers when sowing 6 million viable seeds per hectare – 3.0–3.44 tons and 3.67–4.21 tons per hectare.
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