Introduction: Diabetes mellitus causes serious complications such as diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is now the most common reason of chronic kidney disease. Inflammation plays a crucial role in development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of Inflammatory markers (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio) with diabetic nephropathy in Syrian patients. Materials and methods: A total of 158 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were distributed into three groups according to urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio: Group A, type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio <30 mg/g); Group B, type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ¼ 30-300 mg/g); Group C, type 2 diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio !300 mg/g). Levels of inflammatory markers (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio) were recorded and compared among the three groups. Results: Significant differences were detected between the groups in terms of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p ¼ 0.000) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (p ¼ 0.000). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of inflammatory markers and microalbuminuria prediction demonstrated an area under curve (AUC) of 0.869 for neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (confidence interval: 0.813-0.926, p ¼ 0.000) and 0.739 for platelet-tolymphocyte ratio (confidence interval: 0.662-0.815, p ¼ 0.000). Conclusion:Increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio were significantly correlated with diabetic nephropathy, and high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio & platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio may be served as a predictor and a prognostic risk marker of diabetic nephropathy.

Objectives: This study was oriented to investigate the current situation of Syrian medical staff working in different fields and their response regarding the preventive procedures. Material and Methods: Questionnaire was designed according to the World Health Organization guidelines and recommendations, addressing the preventive measures, which must be followed by healthcare workers to protect themselves and their community against COVID-19. The participation in the study was average as 1339 participants from medical staff (596 males and 743 females) have filled the questionnaire. Results: The results displayed high percentages of commitment in general regarding preventive measures followed (health rules, personal protective equipment, and disinfection) for all healthcare workers. The proportions of responses were varied depending on job nature. In addition, the highest range of percentage of self-evaluation was 50–75% for all medical staff. Conclusion: Based on the filled information, the study showed relatively good commitment to the preventive procedures by healthcare workers to control COVID-19 and prevents its spread in the community.