The addition is one of the important concepts that accompanied the history of human civilizations since ancient times. It represents a civilized product that embodies human cognition as well as social and utilitarian demands throughout history. Designing for the historic context inherently brings challenges and necessitates a comprehensive understanding and sympathetic analysis of all aspects of the existing structure or buildings. A comprehensive understanding of the nature of heritage structures, as well as conservation philosophy, may help guide interventions or new additions. Will result in the most efficient adaptation process, preserving the original characteristics while developing the new structure. The aim of this study is to determine the compatibility of the new addition's architectural expression in relation to the characteristics of a heritage building. This technique is based on architectural and statistical analysis, which considers the heritage character of a historical structure in relation to its values. According to the results, the nature of additions should first be clearly characterized, and each new addition should reflect the identification of its own time. Rather of changing the scale or shape of the old structure, a new addition should complement and contribute to the feeling of proportion, emotion, and historical formation.
The perception of individuals to the urban scenes at night is different from that of the day. The previous studies dealt with the subject of the night scene in terms of the effect of artificial lighting in the formation of the night scene and its ability to increase the quality and aesthetics of the scene that designed for night use, but this research deals with other factors. The research problem show itself as: There is a difference in the perception of the viewer at night during the day, where some scenes attract people at night while not attracted by the day and vice versa, while other scenes attract individuals day and night. regardless of the type and efficiency of the lighting used. And the aim of the research, is to study the impact of those characteristics at night where as the people perception differs in the night. The research assumed: the perception of night scene changes according to that visual axes, and the most influential factor in this change is the attraction that result from the presence of a land mark in the axis of motion that changes the characteristics of the visual axis between night and day. And between nightscape and another. The importance of research: is to determine the characteristics that make the scene acceptable to individuals through day and night, and limit some recommendations to hire those characteristics in order to increase the vitality of the urban environment and increase the efficiency of use. In order to achieve this, the research based on a methodology consist of a theoretical base include the explanation of concepts like (urban scene, night scene, visual perception, visual axis) in order to achieve this the research adapt the semantic measurement to measure the people perception of the scene, during the night and day periods of the same scenes, and then compare the results to analyze the differences between them and explore the reasons behind it. Research has found that the characteristics of the axis differ in terms of their impact on the people attraction, as the emergence of the landmarks at the end of the visual axis is the most influential attraction element to people at night. In the night scene people need to see the land marks in compared to the other elements to be able to complete their journey. And that people do not care about the start points as the end points in the journey, in the night compared to the daytime. Keywords: night scene, visual axis, urban landmarks.
Identification sign means elements added to the urban scene in order to guide individuals toward certain points in the urban environment, the existing theses discussed characteristics of identification sign in terms of its ability to direct individuals and sometimes cause some distortion and visual pollution, but they rarely discussed them as a factor to facilitate the improvement of visual image of the urban scene. So this research highlights the identification signs in a way that they contribute to the integration of urban scene and also enhance its visual aspects. The research illustrates the difficulties in determining the characteristics which are the most influential ones in the integration of the urban scene of the squares. As the research seeks to find the reasons behind the positive impacts of certain identification signs which promote the integration of urban scene while some of them do the opposite. The research assumes that certain characteristics of certain identification sign have different effects on integration of urban scene. In order to achieve this, the research relied on clarifying some principles related to the identification sign in terms of their (types-characteristics) and principles related to the integration of urban scenes and its components, within the theoretical framework and then investigated within the practical study based on the evaluation of the measurement form in the study area of Sara square in the city of Sulaimani. The results showed some differences in the strengths of the effect of characteristics depending on the mechanisms they control. The research finds that the mechanisms of continuity, diversity, and the rhythm have a high impact at the partial level to achieve integration, in a way that the continuity mechanism controls the location of sign while the diversity mechanism controls the size, proportion, and the location of the sign, the rhythm mechanism controls the location of the sign. The mechanisms of complexity, harmony, unity, continuity, diversity, and rhythm have a high impact on properties at the level of the issue as the whole, to achieve the integration mechanisms which together with the characteristics at the level of the issue as the whole control the integration of urban scene. In other words, the relation between the parts / wholeness has the highest impacts, which determines whether the scene is integrated or not.
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