The Nigerian power sector is faced with many challenges such as: generation deficit, inefficiency and power loss over lengthy transmission and distribution lines, contribution to greenhouse gas emission, weak and dilapidated transmission and distribution infrastructure, dependence on fossil fuels, insufficient power. Efforts should be put in place by relevant authorities to improve the power sector. With the distribution network being the closest to the final consumer, efforts should be made to make it more efficient. This study therefore aims at improving the performance of poor distribution network using Distributed Generation (DG), optimally placed and sized in the network. The Asaba, 2 X 15MVA, 33/11kV injection substation in Asaba, Delta state of Nigeria consisting of Anwai road feeder and SPC feeder radiating outwardly from this injection substation was the focus of this study. Relevant data collected from Benin Electricity Distribution Company (BEDC) was used to carry out load flow study. The simulation and analysis of the result and injection of photovoltaic (PV) DG of Asaba injection substation distribution network using Newton-Raphson iteration technique in ETAP 12.6environment to ascertain the overall performance of the network under base loading condition was modelled from a drawn detailed single line diagram of the network. DGs were optimally placed in specific buses in the network using loss sensitivity analysis. The result revealed that prior to DG placement in the network, only 10.4% of the buses were within statutory voltage limit (394.25V – 435.75V or 0.95p.u – 1.05p.u) and 89.6% of the load buses in the network violated the statutory voltage limit and high losses (active and reactive) of 1329.08kW and 2031kVar. After the optimal placement of DG, the active and reactive power losses on the network reduced by 57.5% and 70.7%. While the voltage profile improved by 94.8%, thereby increasing the capacity, reliability and efficiency of distribution network.
Inductions motors are the most commonly used electric motors because of their robustness, durability, reliability and low cost, and essentially lack the ability to run at variable speed operation. However, the first DC motors were applied to most of electric drives. The advent of power electronics has drastically made a lot of improvement, where alternating current drive is used to control and run the performance of induction motor. This research work presents the use of voltage and Frequency control technique to improve the performance of speed control of three phase 4-pole induction motor. Controlling the speed of motor using traditional method such as controlling the supply voltage ,changing the stator pole and others incurs running motor at full speed, speed instability, and the efficiency of the motor drop when motor speed is varied but the voltage and frequency ratio method of speed control solves this problem .A model and simulation in MATLAB for various method of speed control was analysed with constant voltage and frequency method showing much improvement on electromagnetic torque and the speed characteristic of the induction motor compared to other method such as change in stator resistance, rotor resistance, number of poles, stator leakage resistance and others. Varying the line frequency at a maintained constant 8V/Hz V/F ratio and the effect of the torque-speed characteristics performance of the three phase 4-pole induction motor for line frequencies were investigated: (40Hz, 50Hz, 60Hz, 70Hz, and 80Hz). The result shows that as the line frequency increases, the torque decreases and the speed increases (or slip decreases), and for a line frequency of 40Hz, the torque observed is 43.6Nm while the rotor speed is 1076rpm. But for a line frequency of 80Hz, the peak torque was observed at 22Nm while the corresponding rotor speed was 2152rpm, thereby improving the speed control performances of the three phase 4-pole induction motor and its voltage frequency characteristics.
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