The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between renewable energy and economic growth which is determined by the gross domestic product per capita regarding some of the Mediterranean countries. This study uses data from some Mediterranean countries with medium to high energy consumption levels in 1990–2015 (France, Italy, and Turkey) to ascertain and analyze the multiple effects of renewable energy consumption on economic process. The applied math analysis relies on descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, and divulges that all the variables area unit are related; this means, on the long term, a correlation between the dependent variable quantity of gross domestic product and the independents variables of renewable energy consumption and energy consumption. Moreover, the results show that there's a better correlation between RES’ consumption and the economic growth of some countries that has an upper gross domestic product than with those of lower GDP. The obtained results area unit is consistent with different papers reviewed during this study. Analysis results show the long run linear impact of energy consumption on economic process. El objetivo de este estudio es investigar la relación entre las energías renovables y el crecimiento económico, que viene determinado por el producto interior bruto per cápita, en relación con algunos de los países mediterráneos. Este estudio utiliza datos de algunos países mediterráneos con niveles de consumo de energía medios y altos en 1990-2015 (Francia, Italia y Turquía) para conocer y analizar los múltiples efectos del consumo de energías renovables en el proceso económico. El análisis matemático aplicado se basa en la estadística descriptiva y el análisis de conglomerados, y divulga que todas las variables están relacionadas; esto significa que, a largo plazo, existe una correlación entre la variable dependiente cantidad de producto interior bruto y las variables independientes consumo de energía renovable y consumo de energía. Además, los resultados muestran que hay una mejor correlación entre el consumo de FER y el crecimiento económico de algunos países que tienen un producto interior bruto superior que con los de menor PIB. Los resultados obtenidos son coherentes con diferentes trabajos revisados durante este estudio. Los resultados del análisis muestran el impacto lineal a largo plazo del consumo de energía en el proceso económico.
Notre article consiste à étudier la pratique actuelle de la RSE dans le contexte des compagnies libanaises à caractère industriel, et à examiner la relation entre les pratiques RSE d’une part et le management des risques d’autre part, en utilisant des techniques de statistique. C’est dans ce dernier cas que la contribution principale de cet article a été réalisée. Ainsi, cette recherche a permis de percevoir la RSE comme étant plus qu’un simple outil de marketing et de relations publiques mais aussi un vrai outil influant le risque dans les entreprises. Notre recherche met l’accent sur le management et les pratiques de l’entreprise en termes de gestion du risque, afin de mieux gérer par la RSE les impacts sociaux, environnementaux, et communautaires de leurs activités.
Written discourse in WhatsApp discussions has been addressed in several articles in Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC). The aim of this study is to determine Lebanese universities students’ choice between Arabic and Latin keyboards while typing their online messages in WhatsApp groups and try to determine variables that affect their keyboards’ choices. We joined 33 WhatsApp discussion groups from 7 major Lebanese universities and gathered 227,059 messages written by 1,112 multilingual students. The results showed that even though Arabic keyboard is not very popular amongst some Lebanese universities’ students, it is still present in WhatsApp groups’ discussions of students especially at some faculties of the official Lebanese University where courses are taught in Arabic language. The results showed also that Arabic is widely typed in Arabizi using a Latin keyboard. This seems to be the case in the majority of universities that took part in the study. In addition, students at universities with high tuition fees and those who are having their curriculum in foreign languages use Latin keyboard more than students at some faculties of the public university.
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