BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pediatric heterogeneous psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorder with social and communication deficits, language impairment and ritualistic or repetitive behaviors. ASD has significant genetic bases but candidate genes and molecular mechanisms of disorder are not clarified. Neuregulin1 (NRG1) gene, located in 8p12 is involved in development of central nervous system and was indicated as candidate gene in schizophrenia.MethodsmRNA level of types I, II and III of NRG1 gene were studied in peripheral blood of 1540 ASD patients (IQ > 70) and 1490 control children by quantitative Real Time PCR. Also three domains of executive functions (working memory, response inhibition and vigilance) were examined in all subjects.FindingsAll three types were significantly down regulated in ASD patients. Significant deficiencies in executive functions (EF) were found in ASD patients. EF deficiencies mostly were associated with down expression of mRNA level of types I and III. Also correlations were found between NRG1 expression with gender and severity of ASD symptoms.InterpretationsFindings primarily have been suggested involvement of NRG1 in etiology of ASD. Also correlation of NRG1 mRNA level with EF deficiencies could shed lights on EF mechanisms and may suggest targeted treatments to improve particular executive functions.FundYoung researchers and elites club funded the project due to the annual grant of special talents of Club that gave to Arvin Haghighatfard.
Bananas (Musa spp.) are one of the most important fruits in the world. The mesophyll tissue of leaves excised from in vitro plantlets of banana (Musa spp.) cvs. Dwarf Cavendish and Valery were used as a source of protoplast isolation. Aliquots of purified protoplasts were plated in Murashige and Skoog (MS, 1962) liquid culture medium (F) without growth regulators. Protoplast-derived microcolonies were individually picked up and gently transferred onto regeneration medium P (MS medium with IAA and BAP). The highest protoplast numbers were produced in cv. Valery. Microcolonies were regenerated to plantlets, the longest mean of length shoot and the highest shoot proliferation rate were observed in cv. Dwarf Cavendish and cv. Valery, respectively. Chromosome numbers of the plants regenerated from Musa cv. Valery protoplasts varied from 66% normal (2n=3x= 33), 20% (2n=2x+1= 23) and 14% aneuploids (2n=2x 2= 20) of the cells and 54% normal (2n=3x= 33), 26% (2n=2x+1= 23) and 20% aneuploids (2n=2x 2=20) of cells were in cv. Dwarf Cavendish.
Abstract. Partovi R, Iranbakhsh A, Sheidai M, Ebadi M. 2020. The use of DNA barcoding to avoid adulteration in olive plant leaf products. Asian J For 5: 42-47. The leaves of olive plant species Olea europeae, and O. europeae var. cuspidata have been used for medicinal perfused in Iran. The first species leaves have been used to control the blood pressure, while the leaves of wild olive have been used for abortion by locals. Our preliminary inspection of the medicinal plant market revealed that the leaves of these two olive species are sold mistakenly to the consumers and their health might be at risk. Therefore, we permed this investigation to produce DNA barcodes for correct identification of these two olive species and also identify the potential adulteration in our local market. We used Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), as well as plastid genome trnL-F intergenic spacer and ribosomal protein L16 (rpL16) sequences. These sequences after alignment and curation produced DNA barcodes that can differentiate the two olive species from each other. The phylogenetic trees constructed also separated the samples of these olive species and confirmed the potential use of these short DNA sequences for olive barcoding. The present study revealed that some of the local shops mistakenly sell the wild olive leaves instead of the cultivated olive leaf to be used for blood pressure. This mistake endangers the health of pregnant women consumers if they carry a child. We suggest using a combination of nuclear ITS and plastid intergenic spacer (trnL-F and rpL16) regions for DNA barcoding of olive plants to avoid leaf product adulteration.
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