Chromium concentration, mean, and median values were calculated. The lowest value of (Igeo) was (2.36), which is moderately strongly polluted because Igoe is from (2-3). The values of HI were found to be at a safe level (<1) for adults and childrenThe present study assesses the pollution level and health risk of heavy metal (Cr) in the area surrounding the tanning factories' soil in Baghdad city -Iraq. Chromium concentration, mean, and median values were calculated. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo), the enrichment factor (EF), and the integrated pollution index (IPI) have been used in the assessment of pollution. The lowest value of (Igeo) at the surface to the north of the factory was (2.36), and the highest value of (Igeo) at a depth of 100 cm from the surface to the south of the factory was (94.94). All values of (EF) were greater than 40. The values of (IPI) at the surface and a depth of 100 cm from the surface of the soil are considered to cause an extreme level of contamination. A depth of 50 cm from the surface of the soil to the north of the factory is considered to have a high level of contamination. In addition, the estimated health risk was assessed by calculating the values of hazard quotient (HQ), health index (HI) for non-carcinogenic, lifetime average daily dose (LADD) for carcinogenic heavy metals, and lifetime cancer risk (R). The values of HI were found at a safe level (<1). M oreover, carcinogenic risks were estimated by the exposure results, where the highest value of R was 51.9, and the lowest value was 0.231.
This work reports on the incorporation of Flint and Kaolin rocks powders in the cement mortar in an attempt to improve its mechanical properties and produce an eco-friendly mortar. Flint and Kaolin powders are prepared by dry mechanical milling. The two powders are added separately to the mortars substituting cement partially. The two powders are found to improve the mechanical properties of the mortars. Hardness and compressive strength are found to increase with the increase of powders constituents in the cement mortars. In addition, the two powders affect water absorption and thermal conductivity of the mortar specimens which are desirable for construction applications. Kaolin is found to have a greater effect on the mechanical properties, water absorption, and thermal conductivity of the mortars than Flint. This behavior is discussed and analyzed based on the compositional and structural properties of the rocks powders.
Thirty-five soil samples were collected from the Tanning Factory Industrial District within Baghdad city to investigate the soil pollution occur through four directions of the tanning plant. The soil samples exhibited high concentrations of Cr than the reported values of worldwide mean of unpolluted soils. The geoaccumulation index showed that the soil samples were moderately polluted by Cr at the north of the factory while the soil sample showed extremely polluted at the south and east of the factory. Moreover, the soil samples collected from west of the factory were strongly polluted. The result of the calculated enrichment factor (64.52-1075.22) showed to extremely high enriched and suggesting a significant role of anthropogenic pollution because of various industrial activities by the Tanning Factory.
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