Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) represents the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies worldwide. In Sudan, ovarian cancer represents the fourth most frequent tumors among females. TP53 somatic mutations is a defining feature of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. However, p53 sequencing is not feasible in most low- and middle-income countries, like Sudan, and its frequency varies greatly. The study aimed to determine the frequency of p53 overexpression and its relationship with tumor types I and II and tumor grade among Sudanese women with EOC. Methods: In this cross-sectional, hospital-based study a total of 114 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks previously diagnosed as epithelial ovarian cancer were collected from six governmental hospitals in Khartoum state, Sudan, in the period 2013-2016. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue microarray slides to measure the protein expression of p53 in the EOC. Results: Overexpression of p53 was detected in 35.1% (n=40/114) of  EOC samples, with a higher frequency in women with Type II 53.7% (n= 29/54)  than type I 18.5% (n= 10/54)  (P= 0.000). Also, a high frequency of p53 overexpression was evident in 49.2% (n= 30/61) of high-grade carcinoma compared with 16.7% (n= 1/6) of non-graded borderline tumors, and in 19.1% (n= 9/47) of low-grade tumors (P= 0.003). A high-grade serous carcinoma harbor p53 overexpression in 53.7% (n= 29/54) and none of low-grade serous carcinoma harbor p53 overexpression. Our result showed a significant association between p53 overexpression and tumor types and grades (P = 0.000 and 0.003, respectively) Conclusion:  p53 over-expression was detected in one-third of Sudanese women with EOC.  It was more common in type II EOC and high-grade serous, but negative in low-grade serous tumors. Our result showed a significant association between p53 over-expression and tumor type and grade, and can help discriminate between high- and low-grade serous carcinomas.

Phosphatidylinositol3-kinase, catalytic, α-polypeptide Background: (PIK3CA) gene is frequently amplified in ovarian carcinoma (OC). To the best of our knowledge, there is a dearth of published reports about the amplification of the PIK3CA gene among Sudanese women with OC. This study aimed to detect the amplification of the PIK3CA gene and its relationship with clinicopathological variables among Sudanese women with OC.This cross-sectional study included 90 ovarian cases: 83 cases Methods: of women diagnosed with OC at Omdurman Maternity Hospital in the period 2013-2018; 7 cases of women with normal ovarian tissues were used as a control to normalize the results. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections (FFPE) were used to extract RNA at the Institute of Endemic Diseases, Sudan. PIK3CA gene amplification was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR.Amplification of PIK3CA was observed in 33.7% (n = 28/83) of Results: women, with a high frequency in women with clear cell (66.7%; n = 4/6), undifferentiated (50.0%; n = 1/2), serous (35.5%; n = 11/31), mucinous (33.3%; n = 4/12),other (30.8%; n = 4/13), and endometrioid (21.1%; n = 4/19) carcinomas. High frequency was seen in women with higher (39.5%; n = 17/43) rather than in lower grade carcinomas (27.5%; n = 11/40), and in older (43.4%; n = 11/32) rather than younger (30.0%; n = 12/40) women. No significant association between PIK3CA amplification and tumor histologic type, grade, and age of women was observed (Fisher's Exact test: p = 0.660, 0.698 and 0.687, respectively).PIK3CA gene amplification occurs in about one third of Conclusion: Sudanese women with OC, more frequently in high tumor grades and older women, but not to a statistically significant level. These findings support previous studies suggesting that oncogenic PIK3CA has an essential role in OC progression and may offer a strategy for exact targeted therapy and 8 https://doi.PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 2. Aziz AUR, Farid S, Qin K, et al.: PIM Kinases and Their Relevance to the PI3K/ AKT/mTOR Pathway in the Regulation of Ovarian Cancer. Biomolecules. 2018; 8(1): pii: E7. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 3. Torre LA, Trabert B, DeSantis CE, et al.: Ovarian cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018; 68(4): 284-296. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 4. Bonazzoli E, Cocco E, Lopez S, et al.: PI3K oncogenic mutations mediate resistance to afatinib in HER2/neu overexpressing gynecological cancers. Gynecol Oncol. 2019; 153(1): 158-164. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 5. Abuidris DO, Weng HY, Elhaj AM, et al.: Incidence and survival rates of ovarian cancer in low-income women in Sudan. Mol Clin Oncol. 2016; 5(6): 823-8. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 6. Source 7. Song JH, Lee CJ, An HJ, et al.: Magnolin targeting of ERK1/2 inhibits cell proliferation and colony growth by induction of cellular senescence in ovarian cancer cells. Mol Carcinog. 2019; 58(1): 88-101. PubMed Abstract ...

Globally, epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is considered Background: the gynecological cancer with the highest mortality. In Sudan, there are scarce publications about the frequency of this carcinoma. Therefore, the present study intended to perform a cross-sectional study to review the morphological sub-types and sort EOC according to age and grade in Omdurman Maternity Hospital (OMH) in Sudan.This cross-sectional, hospital-based study included 70 EOC Methods: cases diagnosed at OMH in the period 2013-2018. The data were collected from OMH records in the period 2016-2018, and included ovarian cancer types, ages of patients, and tumor grades.The participants' median age was 50 years, and the majority of Results: EOC cases were in younger patients (48.6%; n=34; ≤ 50 years (18 to 50 years)). The most familiar tumor sub-type was serous carcinoma (44.3%; n=31), followed by endometrioid carcinoma (27.1%; n=19), mucinous carcinoma (17.1%; n=12), clear cell carcinoma (8.6%; n=6) and undifferentiated carcinoma (2.9%; n=2). The majority of cases were categorized as low grade (51.4%; n=36). Our results revealed significant relationships between EOC types and grades (Fisher's Exact test, p=0.000).In Sudanese patients with EOC, serous carcinoma is the most Conclusion: common histological subtype, and EOC is likely to occur in women of a younger age (<50 years). Our results indicate a younger presentation of EOC and warrants quick and thorough investigation of any vague abdominal complaint in women of a younger age (<50 years). Also, it may help in guiding researchers developing screening programs especially for younger women, pay attention to the serous type as the common type and finding novel biomarkers especially for treatment and prognosis of this type. Keywords02 Sep 2019, :1565 ( ) First published: 8 https://doi.PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 5. Jiang S, Chang H, Deng S, et al.: Icariin enhances the chemosensitivity of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells by suppressing autophagy via activation of the AKT/mTOR/ATG5 pathway. Int J Oncol. 2019; 54(6): 1933-1942. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 6. Zhao Y, Cao J, Melamed A, et al.: Losartan treatment enhances chemotherapy efficacy and reduces ascites in ovarian cancer models by normalizing the tumor stroma. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2019; 116(6): 2210-2219. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 7. Abuidris DO, Weng HY, Elhaj AM, et al.: Incidence and survival rates of ovarian cancer in low-income women in Sudan. Mol Clin Oncol. 2016; 5(6): 823-828. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 8. Adam W, Gurashi RA, Humida MA, et al.: Ovarian Cancer in Sudan. J Med Biol Sci Res. 2017; 3(4): 37-41. Reference Source 9. Gong Y, Fan X: MiR-539-3p promotes the progression of epithelial ovarian cancer by targeting SPARCL1. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019; 23(6): 2366-2373. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 10. Colombo N, Sessa C, du Bois A, et al.: ESMO-ESGO consensus conference recommendations on ovari...