Background: Otitis media (OM) is an important health problemamongchildren.Itistheoneoftheleadingcauses ofbacterialinfectionsandantibioticprescriptions.Patients and Methods:ThreehundredpatientswithOM[147with acutesuppurativeotitismedia(ASOM),80withsecretory otitismedia(SOM)and73withchronicsuppurativeotitis media (CSOM)] ranging in age from 3 months -12 years wereinvestigatedforpossibleriskfactorsofOM.Age-and sex-matchedhealthychildrenservedascontrols(n=300). Bacteriological examinations were completed for 178 patients(110with ASOMand68withCSOM)withdischarge fromtheirears.Results:Residenceinruralareas,artificial feeding, low socioeconomic standard (SES), parental smoking, allergic rhinitis, adenoid hypertrophy, chronic tonsillitis, URTI, LRTI and introduction of foreign body (FB)intoearsweremajorriskfactorsfortheoccurrenceof OM(P<0.01).Unilateralinfectionwasmoresignificantly (P<0.001) found in ASOM and CSOM, while bilateral infectionwasmoresignificantlyfoundinSOM(P<0.01). Bacteriological examination showed that the prevailing bacteriaincasesofASOMwereS. pneumoniae(24.8%), Staph. aureus(24.8%),P. aeruginosa(15.2%), H. influenzae (9.5%), and S. pyogenes (7.6%). On the other hand, the prevailingbacteriainCSOMwereProteus mirabilis(31%), P. aeruginosa(26.8%), Klebsiellaspecies(14.1%),Staph. aureus(8.5%),andE. coli(5.6%).Conclusion:manyrisk factorshavearoleintheoccurrenceofOMinchildrenand controlofthesefactorsmaydecreasetheincidenceofthis disease.Manybacterialspecies(S. pneumoniaeandStaph. aureusinASOMandProteus mirabilis,P. aeruginosaand Klebsiella in CSOM) are the causative organisms of this diseaseinourlocality.
Background: Becoming shorter by each cell division, telomere length (TL) is regarded as a marker of cellular aging. Relative TL (T/S) depends on the quantitation of telomere hexamer repeat copy number normalized to autosomal single-copy gene copy number. TL is influenced by several factors, including oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of TL and OS as markers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty participants were categorized into three groups. Group 1: Included 60 patients with AD. Group II: included 60 age-matched nondemented subjects. Group III (pregeriatric group): included 60 healthy controls with their ages ranging between 30 and 60 years. TL was determined by the quantitative Real time-PCR method, plasma levels of 8-OHdG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by colorimetery. Results: In comparison to the other two groups, patients with AD showed shortened TL, increased plasma 8-OHdG concentration, and decreased TAC. The sensitivity of T/S ratio to predict AD was 86.67%, whereas the specificity was 96.67%. The sensitivity of 8-OHdG to predict AD was 96.67%, whereas the specificity was 86.67%. Conclusion: AD is associated with shortened TL and increased OS as manifested by decreased TAC and increased serum 8-OHdG. T/S and 8-OHdG could be used as early predictors for AD.
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