Antibiotic prescribing is high and often inappropriate. Predictors of broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing were identified. Health policy initiatives should involve all stakeholders to minimize inappropriate antibiotic prescription and to prevent poor outcomes associated with such practice.
Scientific integrity, proper research conduct and avoiding research misconduct including plagiarism, fabrication and falsification, are all essential to all disciplines. Since research experience is a recommended skill to gain during undergraduate education, undergraduate students need to be aware of research misconduct in order to avoid it. This study was carried out to determine the level of knowledge and awareness regarding research misconduct, and the independent factors that might contribute to attitudes towards research misconduct. In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was self-filled by pharmacy undergraduate students about their knowledge of practices in research misconduct. Among the respondents (n=800), 79.12% had poor knowledge, whereas 20.88% had good knowledge about research misconduct and research ethics. Furthermore, only 9% indicated having previous training in research conduct/misconduct, whereas 36.5% had previous training in research ethics. In conclusion, this study reflects insufficient knowledge and awareness about research misconduct concepts and their main terminologies among undergraduate pharmacy students, which emphasizes the importance of implanting proper training programs/courses on research ethics during students' academic years.
Diabetic complications are considered a public concern on global level and have their negative impacts on patients. The main objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of diabetic complications among a sample of diabetics in Royal Medical Services and to conclude the appropriate recommendations to reduce the effects of diabetic complications. The method of choice involved a retrospective design and 392 files of diabetic patients were reviewed. Study findings showed that the prevalence of diabetic neuropathy was 43%, hypertension 42%, diabetic foot ulcer 9%, glaucoma 48%, and heart disease 25%. Predictors for diabetic neuropathy were the level of HbA1C (p=0.015), and gender (p=0.018), while the predictors for hypertension were duration of DM (p=0.000) and age (p=0.000). The predictors of foot ulcer included the level of HbA1C (p=0.013), and the use of metformin (p=0.026). Glaucoma was predicted by duration of DM (p=0.002), and gender (p=0.017). Heart disease was predicted by duration of DM (p=0.003), gender (p=0.041), and age (p=0.000). Taken together, diabetic complications are prevalent on global level and in our settings which implies that the therapeutic options of DM are still far from their ultimate goals. we recommend adopting of more effective monitoring systems for screening diabetics, particularly those who are expected to develop diabetes. We also recommend to activate the roles of clinical pharmacist to raise the awareness level about diabetic complications among the public.
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