Due to the local conditions that prevailed in the riverside landscape, the landscapers should be aware of the natural role of the ecological aesthetic, which has its importance in attracting the attention of the community and directed it towards the ecological environment, and from the discussion we have the problem which is, "the absence of studies to clarify the natural dimension of riverside ecological landscape". Thereby determining the target put forward is to provide a database for the designers of riverside landscape, and through theoretical studies emerged the importance of the natural dimension. Also, there are three ecological components emerged in to achieve this dimension, and the component are (patch, edge, path) in riverside, thus the research began to test the hypothesis through analysis of riverside projects, and the results confirmed what referred to the hypothesis. The study then moved to test what had been reached on the results of local development projects to the riverside of the Tigris River in Baghdad. In addition, the result called for providing a proposal and come up with a summary of recommendations on how to achieve natural dimension in ecological aesthetic of the Tigris riverside landscape.
The world experienced an increasing interest in the concept of place-making in accordance with the contemporary urban trends. The healthy trend was considered as the trend that combines most of the other trends properties. It represents a response to the challenges facing the society. These are environmental, economic, social, cultural, Urban and security. Most states and world countries focus on making a sustainable healthy place, achieving the dwelt desires and considered as a container for all human activities ; social, recreational, economic and cultural.Local places continue suffer from neglect, extinction, random design and the lack of clarity of policy handled according to the contemporary healthy urban trend. To stand out the problem of the research thoroughly (Lack of comprehensive knowledge study describes the most important dimensions and features that contribute to the making of the healthy place within cities) and to address this research problem, a comprehensive knowledge framework was built relying on vocabulary extracted from the theoretical framework in the analysis of a number of global urban cities. It includes a range of healthy places designed according to this trend. After reviewing a number of global studies, researches and experiments, it appeared that there are certain dimensions and features for making a healthy place. Then, some dimensions and features were neutralized. The environmental dimensions and features of the open spaces were chosen because they are more important, effective and influential than the rest of the dimensions and features.After analyzing the results it appeared that the environmental dimension contributes in making a healthy place, achieve health, well-being and sustainability for the population. The open space features had a great role in making a sustainable healthy place, that supports biological, cultural, social and intellectual diversity, improves the urban landscape of the city as a whole (environmentally and visually), enhances coherence and social interaction between individuals and achieves participation community. Then places will be healthy, social, aesthetic, functional, which Root urban identity of the city in general and the place in particular.
The research had taken the concept of Continuous Productive Urban Landscape that appeared within the sustainable trends in the city, provides the opportunity to address the problems of lack in city open space, strengthen the relationship between the built environment and nature, access to multi-functional landscape. Therefore, it request the need of research in this concept and determine its properties, so the research problem appeared, in the need of a theoretical framework for the properties of Continuous Productive Urban landscape, To help designers having its benefits in the design process. Thus, the aim of this paper is to construct an inclusive theoretical framework of continuous productive urban landscape properties. In order to solve the research problem, a previous literature review of the origin of the concept, has reached to the most important design properties of the Continuous Productive Urban landscape and determine the vocabularies and indicators relevant to it. Then had been measured the validation values of the properties and its vocabularies and indicators, through analytic study for three projects had applied Continuous Productive Urban landscape within cities. The results shown the variant in verification of these properties, coherence property emerged as a main design property, followed by integration then diversity. Finally, had reached to a theoretical model for the properties of the Continuous Productive Urban Landscape in the city.
The world is experiencing an increase in population leading to an increase in the percentage of people over the age of 65 years, so the aging of the population will not be confine to developed countries only, but also to developing countries. During the next five decades, more than 80% of the elderly will live in civilized cities and regions, due to the direct impact of urban areas on the quality of life for older people to spend most of their time in their local neighborhoods, and therefore they are sensitive to aspects related to the urban environment surrounding them. In order to assist the elderly to practice their daily lives in an appropriate way and support their aging in the place, the research will focus on the elderly in multi-story housing projects and how to work on, connecting them with nature within these complexes and help them in the successful completion of their daily activities. To achieve this the concept of (aging in place), will be addressed and given the role of landscape that can play in support of aging in place for the elderly. So the research came to study the possibility of achieving this concept in multi-story housing projects, where the concept of (aging in place), and the possibility of achieving it by landscape. It will be studied through an extensive literature review for addressing a holistic theoretical framework for indicators related to landscape and how they contribute to achieve aging in the place at the level of multi-story housing projects. Finally, the research reach the locally possibility of benefiting from that framework and diagnosing the obstacles to achieve those possibilities to provide landscape that can assist the elderly in multi-story housing projects achieve ageing well in a convenient and comfortable place for this important segment of the society.
With the accelerated pace of urban life and increasing of working hours during the day so the time for most people to enjoy and do their social activities entertainment became at evening hours, so that raise the insistent desire to increase the quality and beauty of the external spaces night scene Artificial lighting Lead a very important role in the nightscape scene of the landscape, as artistic and designing factor, and had active presence pass over their physical properties and psychological effects towards the formation of the nightscape final image of landscape So the research problem has emerged in the impact of artificial lighting on nightscape figuration elements in landscape, and so research hypothesis represents the differences of artificial lighting properties effect on the nightscape figuration elements. Research appointed the most important nightscape figuration vocabulary and extracts their indicators to be measured and then the application of indicators had drawn on a range of global and regional projects, and the result has been proven the impact of artificial lighting through their characteristics on the figuration elements of nightscape.
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