It is shown that (a weak version of) the Hawkins-Simon condition is satisfied by any real square matrix which is inverse-positive after a suitable permutation of columns or rows. One more characterization of inverse-positive matrices is given concerning the Le Chatelier-Braun principle. The proofs are all simple and elementary.
This paper generalizes a result due to Okishio: the rate of pro®t increases as a result of cost reducing technical changes. The generalization is carried out ®rst in a model of joint production which allows for new processes and commodities to be introduced or some of the old ones to be discarded. Then we consider nonlinear models incorporating external and internal (dis)economies.
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