Intestinal parasitic infection is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, especially among children. Even minimum infection of parasites in children may have negative effects on growth, iron deficiency anemia, perceiving function, and impaired cognition. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors among the children attending the Outpatient Department of Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu for various illnesses. The research was carried out from March to May 2018. A total of 300 fresh stool samples were collected in clean, dry and screw-capped plastic vials and were studied for the presence of intestinal parasites using the direct smear and concentration methods. Children or their parents were interviewed using standard questionnaires. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 25.67%. The protozoan infestation was found in 22.67% of cases, while helminthic infestation was found only in 3% of cases. No double infestation was detected. The predominant parasite was Entamoeba histolytica (14%) followed by Giardia lamblia (8. 67%). The prevalence among female (32.11%) was greater than male (21.99%). The infection was found higher in low age of children, using underground water as a source of drinking water and hardly cut their nail in a regular fashion, whereas those children followed regular hand washing habit, defecation in toilet, parent’s occupation, use of antihelminthic drugs and treatment method had low infection of intestinal parasitic infection. All these evidences have shown that there should be an effective implementation of intervention activities to control and cure the spread of parasites associated infections among children.
Abstract. Devkota RP, Subedi JR, Wagley K. 2021. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in equines of Mustang District, Nepal. Biodiversitas 22: 3958-3963. The study was conducted from March 2018 to November 2018 in four villages of Mustang district to find out the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in equines (horses and mules). Fecal samples collected from 175 randomly selected equines (105 from horses and 70 from mules) were preserved in 2.5% potassium dichromate and microscopically examined using concentration techniques to detect ova, larvae, and oocysts of parasites. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was found to be 84.57% with an incidence rate of 81.90% and 88.57% in horses and mules respectively. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites between horses and mules did not vary significantly (p>0.05). Also no significant association (p>0.05) between the prevalence rate of parasites and study areas was observed. Among identified parasites in horses, Strongyles showed the highest prevalence (68.57%) followed by Strongyloides spp. (23.80%), and Parascaris equorum (14.28%) and in mules Strongyles showed the highest prevalence (80.0%) followed by Parascaris equorum (35.71%), Strongyloides spp. (28.57%), and Dictyocaulus spp. (5.71%). Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites showed no significant variation (p>0.05) with respect to age and feeding status. However, the prevalence rate significantly varied (p<0.05) with respect to parameters like infection status (single and mixed), housing condition and health status. The present study revealed a higher prevalence rate of gastrointestinal parasites due to poor husbandry practices and lack of adequate veterinary services. Therefore, improvement in housing and feeding system, awareness regarding effective regular deworming, and establishment of veterinary hospitals in the study areas were recommended.
Long-term conservation of the species requires the availability of their natural habitat along with all those factors that support their viability. Understanding the breeding success of vulture and different factors affecting it is important to line up species conservation, although very less is known about the reproductive and behavioral ecology of Himalayan griffon (Gyps himalayensis). Therefore, the present study was carried out in Upper Mustang areas of Nepal, a prime habitat for the species. For the determination of the factors influencing breeding success, exploratory research design was used. Identification of vulture’s nests was done by direct observation. Altogether 78 nests were identified with 41.02% breeding success with occupied nest as the primary unit. Almost all the productive nests were found in steep cliffs facing north direction. Nesting sites were located near water sources. Grazing and noise respectively have positive and negative impacts on the breeding success. Developmental activities like road construction, distribution of power lines is proven threat to vulture as per locals' perception and require development activities to be carried out with proper planning.
Background and Objectives: Gastrointestinal infections impose a great and often silent burden of morbidity and mortality on poor populations in developing countries. School age children are one of the groups at high-risk for intestinal parasitic infections. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence rate of intestinal helminthes parasites among private and public school children of Devdaha Municipality of Rupandehi district and to determine the association of prevalence with different risk factors. Material and methods: The study was carried out during June to July 2019. A total of 150 (75 from public and 75 from private school) stool samples were collected in clean, dry and screw capped plastic vials and were studied for the presence of intestinal helminthes parasites using direct smear method. Results: Overall parasitic prevalence rate was 18.66% (28/150). Prevalence rate was considerably higher in public school children (22.66%; 17/75) compared with private school (14.66%; 11/75) (P>0.05). The prevalence of helminthes parasitic infections was statistically independent with age and gender of the students (P>0.05). The current finding was maximum for single parasitic infection in both public (88.23%) and private (90.90%) school. Total four genera of parasites were identified. Among them, Ascaris lumbricoides was most common followed by Trichuris trichiura, Hookworms and Taenia sp. Conclusion: Transmissions of infections were generally due to poor sanitary habits, use of contaminated drinking water and improper disposal management. This study suggests the need of health education program in schools along with regular screening of intestinal parasites and periodic administration of anti-parasitic drugs for the effective management of the intestinal parasitic infections among school children in Nepal.
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