Dodecyl isopropylolamine has been synthesized on the basis of dodecylamine and propylene oxide. The structure of dodecyl isopropanolamine has been determined by X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR‐ and NMR‐spectroscopic methods. Ionic surfactants have been synthesized by interaction of dodecyl isopropylolamine with various acids (HCl, HBr, acetic and propionic) and alkyl halides (methyl iodide, ethyl bromide and n‐propyl bromide). Colloidal‐chemical parameters, petroleum‐collecting and petroleum dispersing capacities of the synthesized cationic surfactants have been studied.

No abstract

No abstract

Ethylolamides of animal (beef and mutton) fats have been synthesized and modified with H 3 PO 4 . The identity of these products was confirmed by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The physical properties of the synthesized surfactants including interfacial tension and critical micelle concentration (CMC) were studied. From these measurements, the maximum surface excess concentration and the minimum area per molecule at the kerosene solution/water interface, the surface pressure at the CMC, and the standard thermodynamic parameters of adsorption and micellization were calculated. Ethylolamides and ethylolamide phosphates were obtained and tested as petroleum-collecting and petroleum-dispersing reagents. Some correlations between these parameters of the ethylol units and their ability to collect thin petroleum films from the water surface were revealed.

On the basis of measurements of conductivity and surface activity, adsorption and micellization parameters such as critical micellization concentration (CMC), adsorption efficiency, effectiveness of surface tension reduction, and a degree of counterion dissociation (α) for four new ammonium surfactants, octyl-ammonium chloride in aqueous solutions have been determined. The values of CMC determined by two different methods are compared, and they show reasonable agreement. Using the results of electroconductometric and tensiometric measurements, enthalpy (ΔH), the Gibbs free energy (ΔG), and entropy (ΔS) for processes of adsorption and micellization have been computed. The influence of the length of the alkyl chain in the synthesized salts on surface activity and thermodynamic parameters has been clarified. The petrocollecting capacity of the obtained surfactants has been studied on the surface of waters having various mineralization degrees. It has been revealed that the surfactant containing C 12 chain is the most effective petrocollecting reagent among the synthesized salts.

New quaternary ammonium salts are synthesized by octylamine, nonylamine, dodecylamine, and hexadecylamine reacting with propylene oxide at a mole ratio of 1:2, followed by reaction with 2‐chloroethanol. By tensiometric measurements of aqueous solutions, their surface activity has been determined. Using the results of these measurements and electroconductometric studies, important parameters such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), efficiency of surfactant adsorption, surface pressure at the CMC, changes of Gibbs free energies for micelle formation, and adsorption were estimated. By application of the Gibbs adsorption isotherm, indices such as maximum surface excess concentration and minimum surface area/molecule at the air–water interface were also calculated. Petroleum‐collecting properties of these surfactants were investigated. Among these quaternary ammonium surfactants, the surfactant based on dodecylamine, propylene oxide, and 2‐chloroethanol exhibits the highest petroleum‐collecting capacity.

No abstract

A series of cationic gemini surfactants, N,N′-bis­(alkyl)-N,N′-bis­(2-hydroxypropyl)­ethylenediammonium dibromide, [C n H2n+1(CH3CH­(OH)­CH2)­NH­(CH2)2NH­(CH2CH­(OH)­CH3)­C n H2n+1]­Br2 (where n is the tail chain length, n = 9, 12, and 14), referred to as C n C2C n [iso-Pr­(OH)] was synthesized. Via conductometric and tensiometric methods, at different temperatures (283 to 313 K), specific electrical conductivities and surface tensions of the aqueous solutions of these cationic gemini surfactants were determined. According to the obtained values, micellization and adsorption parameters such as critical micellization concentration (CMC), maximum surface excess (Γmax), minimal cross sectional surface area of surfactant polar group (A min), adsorption efficiency (pC20), surface pressure (π), and binding degree of counterion (β) were calculated. The values of standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°) were also computed. Via the dynamic light scattering method, diameters of aggregates of the synthesized cationic gemini surfactants were determined in water. It was established that the diameters of these aggregates decrease with a temperature rise. Antibacterial properties of the synthesized cationic surfactants against sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were studied.