Natale, G.S., Alcalde, L., Herrera, R., Cajade, R., Schaefer, E.F., Marangoni, F. and Trudeau, V.L. 2011. Underwater acoustic communication in the macrophagic carnivorous larvae of Ceratophrys ornata (Anura: Ceratophryidae). -Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 92: 46-53.We provide the first evidence for sound production by anuran larvae. In this study, we describe the sounds, their context-specific emission and the structures related to sound production of the carnivorous larvae of Ceratophrys ornata (Amphibia, Anura, Ceratophryidae). Tadpoles emit a brief, clear and very audible metallic-like sound that consists of a short train of notes that occur at all stages of larval development. Tadpoles make sound only when a conspecific tadpole is preying upon it or when touched by an object. Ceratophrys ornata larvae possess the basic required anatomical structures for sound production via expulsion of atmospheric air from the lungs through the open soft-tissue glottis. The glottis is opened and closed via the larval laryngeal muscles (constrictor laryngis and dilatator laryngis). The arytenoid cartilages appear at stage 40 and the cricoid cartilage does at stage 43. Adult laryngeal muscles differentiate from the larval ones at stage 46 together with the vocal sac formation from the adult interhyoideus muscle. We demonstrate (n = 2160 conspecific predator-prey interactions) that larval sounds occur always under predatory attack, probably serving to diminish the chances of cannibalism. These data raise the possibility that other macrophagic carnivorous anuran larvae may produce sound.
Salgado Costa, C., Chuliver Pereyra, M., Alcalde, L., Herrera, R., Trudeau, V.L. and Natale, G.S. 2014. Underwater sound emission as part of an antipredator mechanism in Ceratophrys cranwelli tadpoles. -Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 95: 367-374.We report the emission of underwater sounds in the tadpoles of a second member of the family Ceratophryidae, Ceratophrys cranwelli. These tadpoles produce a short metallic-like sound, which consists of short trains of pulses at Gosner stages 25, 28, and 37. Experiment I was designed to record underwater sounds and their characteristics. Experiment II was designed to test: (i) if at higher densities (total number of tadpoles/L) but fixed predator-prey proportions C. cranwelli larvae are cannibalistic, (ii) if cannibalism increases at higher proportions of predators at a fixed density, and (iii) if tadpoles display a mechanism of intraspecific recognition that may diminish the frequency of cannibalism. Each treatment combines larvae of C. cranwelli (predator) with those of Rhinella arenarum (prey). The number of live and dead individuals was recorded during 72 h, and the following variables were calculated: time to eat the first and second prey, time without eating, time to eat a congener, and number of events of cannibalism. The results indicate that relative predatorprey availability affects the frequency of predation between conspecifics. We consider that an antipredator mechanism exists in C. cranwelli tadpoles and that the underwater sound is part of it.
Contribución de cada uno de los autores:JMHR: entrevistó a las personas que observaron el evento y escribió el manuscrito. KAU: revisó, corrigió y aprobó el manuscrito. Cómo citar este documento:Herrera R., J.M., K. Aparicio U. 2019. Reporte de un ataque de Boa constrictor (Serpentes: Boidae) a un individuo de Tyto furcata (Aves: Tytonidae) en Pacora, Panamá. Huitzil 20(2):e-519. doi: https:// Resumen Las aves pequeñas constituyen una porción significativa en la dieta de Boa constrictor, sin embargo, pocos son los reportes sobre el consumo de aves de mayor tamaño, y mucho menos de una depredación de tipo intragremial (entre depredadores tope). Reportamos el inusual hallazgo de depredación de una lechuza de campanario, Tyto furcata, por una Boa constrictor de aproximadamente 220 cm, el 25 de enero de 2017, en los predios de la Comisión Panamá -Estados Unidos para la Erradicación y Prevención del Gusano Barrenador del Ganado (copeg) con coordenadas (09°05'16.7" N, 79°17'10.8" O), en la comunidad de Pacora, Panamá. Este reporte contribuye al entendimiento de las relaciones ecológicas entre dos depredadores, pocas veces documentada.Palabras clave: depredación intragremial, oportunista, paseriformes, dieta, relaciones ecológicas. AbstractSmall birds constitute a significant portion of the Boa constrictor diet. There are few reports on the consumption of larger birds, even fewer of intraguild predation (among top predators). We report the unusual finding of a barn owl, Tyto furcata, depredated by an approximately 220 cm Boa constrictor on January 25, 2017. The discovery was made on the grounds of the Comisión Panamá -Estados Unidos para la Erradicación y Prevención del Gusano Barrenador del Ganado (copeg) (coordinates 09 ° 05'16.7 "N, 79 ° 17'10.8" W), in the community of Pacora, Panama. This report contributes to the understanding of ecological relationships between two rarely documented predators.
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