After decades of pioneering advances and improvements, kidney transplantation is now the renal replacement therapy of choice for most patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Despite this success, the high risk of premature death and frequent occurrence of graft failure remain important clinical and research challenges. The current burst of studies and other innovative initiatives using artificial intelligence (AI) for a wide range of analytical and practical applications in biomedical areas seems to correlate with the same trend observed in publications in the kidney transplantation field, and points toward the potential of such novel approaches to address the aforementioned aim of improving long-term outcomes of kidney transplant recipients (KTR). However, at the same time, this trend underscores now more than ever the old methodological challenges and potential threats that the research and clinical community needs to be aware of and actively look after with regard to AI-driven evidence. The purpose of this narrative mini-review is to explore challenges for obtaining applicable and adequate kidney transplant data for analyses using AI techniques to develop prediction models, and to propose next steps in the field. We make a call to act toward establishing the strong collaborations needed to bring innovative synergies further augmented by AI, which have the potential to impact the long-term care of KTR. We encourage researchers and clinicians to submit their invaluable research, including original clinical and imaging studies, database studies from registries, meta-analyses, and AI research in the kidney transplantation field.

Introduction Mesenteric and portal venous thromboses are rare diseases with high mortality rates and are strongly associated with hepatic cirrhosis, and abdominal inflammatory or tumoral processes, but in some cases can be the first sign of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) or hereditary thrombophilia. JAK2V617F mutation detection is an important diagnostic tool for MPN patients. The aim of this study was to describe the JAK2V617F mutation prevalence on Chilean patients suffering from a primary splanchnic venous thrombosis (SVT), in order to assess how it relates to primary MVT and PVT in our specific population. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted in patients referred to the University of Chile Clinical Hospital with mesenteric and/or portal venous thrombosis diagnosis over a 7‐year period. Patients with primary thrombosis underwent hereditary thrombophilia study and JAK2V617F mutation screening. Results A total of 123 patients had splanchnic venous thrombosis (mesenteric and/or portal) as their main discharge diagnosis. Sixty patients (49%) had primary mesenteric or portal venous thrombosis (no attributable secondary cause). Hereditary thrombophilia and MPN were diagnosed in 21.6% and 43.3% of SVT patients, respectively. Twenty SVT patients remained without an etiologic diagnosis. In MPN patients, almost all had the JAK2V617F mutation (92.3%). About 16% of patients who had positive JAK2V617F mutation did not meet diagnostic criteria for MPN. Conclusions In this Chilean cohort, half of mesenteric or portal venous thrombosis showed no secondary cause. In this group, the main causes were MPN and hereditary thrombophilia. Nearly, all MPN patients had JAK2V617F mutation, but there was a group of patients having JAK2V617F mutation but did not meet MPN criteria.

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The final infarct size (FIS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) are the greatest predictors of post-AMI mortality, with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) being the gold standard method for their measurement. Myocardial damage biomarkers, such as creatine kinase (CK) and myocardial creatine kinase (CKMB) are currently used to diagnose AMI and estimate the myocardial damage extent. It would be plausible to use them as predictors of FIS and LVEF; however, current evidence is not available up to date.Objective: To determine the potential power of plasma CK and CKMB levels as predictors of FIS and LVEF impairment, respectively, on the basis of their correlation in patients undergoing primary coronary angioplasty (PCA) following ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methodology: A retrospective analysis of PREVEC Trial (ISRCTN registry: 56034553), a multicentric, randomized, double-blind clinical study was performed. Sixty-seven patients with STEMI scheduled for PCA were enrolled. The CMR was performed 7-15 days after the event. Three radiologists blinded to clinical information measured FIS and LVEF. Total CK and CKMB were measured in peripheral venous blood at 6-8 hours after PCA. Correlation coefficient were obtained, and the tests were considered significant with a p value <0.05. The software GraphPrism 6.0 was used for the statistical analysis.Results: A significant positive correlation was obtained between levels of cardiac biomarkers and FIS [total CK (r-square 0.3, p<0.0001) and CK MB (r-square 0.15, p<0.0027)]. In addition, the levels of these biomarkers showed a significant negative correlation with LVEF [total CK (r-square 0.3, p<0.0001) and CK MB (r-square 0.18, p<0.0012)]. Conclusion:These results are consistent with the view that the myocardial damage biomarkers CK and CKMB are reliable as predictors of FIS and LVEF measured by CMR in post-AMI patients. These data suggest that these biomarkers could be included in future Risk Scores.

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