Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) adalah termasuk penyusun flora normal jenis Gram positif. Tetapi apabila jumlahnya berlebih akan menjadi patogen pada manusia. Begitu pula dengan Escherichia coli (E. coli) yang merupakan bakteri gram negatif Antibakteri yang tersedia umumnya memiliki spektrum luas sehingga efek sampingnya dapat merusak flora normal bila digunakan jangka panjang. Flavonoid senyawa fenolik dan tannin dimungkinkan berkhasiat antibakteri. Sediaan uji berupa seri konsentrasi fraksi etil asetat daun jambu air [Eugenia aqueum (Burn F.) Alston] (50%; 25%; 12,5%; 6,25%; 3,13%; 1,56%; 0,78%; 0,31%). Uji aktivitas antibakteri ini menggunakan metode difusi agar dengan sumur untuk menentukan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM), serta tipe kerja terhadap bakteri uji (dengan metode turbidimetri) dan kemudian dibandingkan dengan antibiotik pembanding yaitu tetrasiklin dengan menggunakan analisis regresi. Fraksi etil asetat daun jambu air memiliki aktivitas sebagai anti bakteri terhadap S. aureus dan E. coli dengan nilai KHM masing-masing 12,50%. Kesetaraan aktivitas terhadap S. aureus dari 1 g fraksi etil asetat terhadap tetrasiklin adalah 0,0295 g sedangkan terhadap E. coli adalah 0,0186 g. Fraksi etil asetat daun jambu air berpotensi sebagai antibakteri; Tipe kerja fraksi etil asetat cenderung bakterisid baik terhadap S. aureus maupun E. coli.
This research was an attempt to prove scientifically about the antibacterial effect potention of n-hexane fraction of rose apple leaves [Eugenia aqueum (Burm. F) Alston]. The aims of this research were to determine the value of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and type of effect as antibacterial from n-hexane fraction of rose apple leaves. Evaluation of antibacterial effect potention was carried out by diffusion method using well techniques on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Antibacterial effect was determined based on Bell’s criteria. The type of work against bacteria was evaluated by turbidimetry method. The results showed that the n-hexane fraction of rose apple leaves have antibacterial effect both against S. aureus and E. coli. The MIC of n-hexane fraction of rose apple leaves on S. aureus and E. coli were 1.56% and 6.25% respectively. The type of effect of n-hexane fraction of rose apple leaves were bactericidal both against S. aureus and E. coli.
Abstract. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease that requires continuous therapy so it requires a very large cost. Based on the results of the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas), the prevalence of DM in the provinces on the island of Java has increased compared to the results of the 2013 Riskesdas. Therefore, the government formed the National Health Insurance (JKN) program in the form of BPJS Kesehatan. However, health service providers need valid calculations so as not to suffer losses due to the application of these cost. This study uses a systematic literature review method using three search engines, namely PubMed, Google scholar, Science direct based on established criteria. The results of the review of the five articles explained that the treatment services carried out on inpatient type 2 DM patients who had BPJS Kesehatan insurance at Pandan Arang Hospital Boyolali, Yogyakarta City Hospital, RSUP dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta period January – June 2014 has been efficient while the care services at PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital and dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta period July 2010 – May 2012 service efficiency still needs to be improved. The factors that affect losses at PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital are high medical services and drug costs, while factors that affect losses at RSUP dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta for the period July 2010 – May 2012 was the cost of drugs/medical goods, the cost of clinical pathology examinations, and the cost of blood flasks (severity II), and visite fees, the costs of clinical pathology examinations, the costs of dialysis installation services, and the costs of drugs/medical goods (severity III). Abstrak. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) merupakan penyakit yang memerlukan terapi secara terus menerus sehingga biaya yang diperlukan sangat besar. Berdasarkan hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018, prevalensi DM di provinsi yang berada di pulau Jawa mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan hasil Riskesdas 2013. Maka dari itu pemerintah membentuk program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) yang berwujud BPJS Kesehatan. Namun pemberi pelayanan kesehatan membutuhkan perhitungan yang valid agar tidak mengalami kerugian akibat pemberlakuan tarif tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic literature review dengan menggunakan tiga mesin pencarian yaitu PubMed, Google scholar, Science direct berdasarkan kriteria yang ditetapkan. Hasil review dari kelima artikel tersebut menjelaskan bahwa pada pelayanan perawatan yang dijalankan pada pasien DM tipe 2 rawat inap yang memiliki asuransi BPJS Kesehatan di RS Pandan Arang Boyolali, Yogyakarta City Hospital, RSUP dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta periode Januari – Juni 2014 telah efisien sedangkan pelayanan perawatan pada RS PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta dan RSUP dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta periode Juli 2010 – Mei 2012 efisiensi pelayanan masih harus ditingkatkan. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kerugian pada RS PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta yaitu tingginya jasa pelayanan medik dan biaya obat, sedangkan faktor yang mempengaruhi kerugian pada RSUP dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta periode Juli 2010 – Mei 2012 yaitu biaya obat/barang medik, biaya pemeriksaan patologi klinik, dan biaya labu darah (tingkat keparahan II), dan biaya visite, biaya pemeriksaan patologi klinik, biaya pelayanan instalasi dialisis, dan biaya obat/barang medik (tingkat keparahan III).
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