<p><strong>Abstrak</strong>. Ditinjau dari segi luasan, lahan kering di Indonesia merupakan lahan yang cukup potensial, untuk dikembangkan sebagai areal pertanian. Namun usaha pertanian di areal ini dihadapkan pada beberapa kendala, diantaranya karena lahan ini banyak tersebar di daerah pegunungan dengan topografi yang curam sehingga rawan erosi. Untuk itu usahatani konservasi mutlak perlu dilakukan. Teknik konservasi mekanik berupa teras bangku, yang telah banyak dikenal dan diadopsi petani, diyakini dapat menurunkan erosi, namun teknik ini tidak selalu cocok diimplementasikan pada semua kondisi, selain memerlukan biaya yang cukup tinggi. Oleh karena itu, teknik konservasi vegetatif lebih disarankan untuk diapliksikan di areal ini. Sistem pertanaman lorong (alley cropping) merupakan teknik konservasi vegetatif yang telah terbukti efektif mengendalikan erosi dan aliran permukaan (runoff), kehilangan hara, meningkatkan produktivitas tanah dan tanaman, efisien dari segi biaya, serta dapat diadopsi oleh petani berdasarkan hasil-hasil penelitian. Dengan demikian, sistem pertanaman lorong berpeluang untuk dikembangkan di areal lahan kering dengan memperhatikan keunggulan dan kelemahannya. Makalah ini mengemukakan tentang keunggulan dan kelemahan sistem pertanaman lorong serta peluang dan tantangan yang akan dihadapi di dalam implementasinya di lahan kering berdasarkan hasil analisis SWOT (strengths, weeknesses, opportunities, threats). Pengembangan strategi untuk implementasi sistem alley cropping meliputi strategi yang bersifat teknis dan non teknis.</p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em>. In terms of area, upland in Indonesia is a potential land to be developed as an agricultural area. However, this agricultural bussines on this area is faced with several problem, some of them is because the agricultural land is spread in mountainouns area with a steep topography that is easy to erosion, therefore conservation agriculture system is absolutely needed. Mechanical soil conservation techniques such as bench terrace which have been widely known and farmer-friendly are believed to reduce erosion, but this technique is not always suitable to be implemented in all condition other than requiring high cost, therefore vegetative conservation vegetative conservation techniques are more suggested to control erosion in this area. Alley cropping system is a vegetative conservation technique that has been proven effective in controlling erosion and runoff, nutrient loss, increasing land and crop productivity, cost efficient and can be adopted by farmers based on the research results. Thus, the alley cropping system is likely to be developed in upland area with attention to its advantages and disadvantages. This paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of alley cropping system and the opportunities and challenges that will be faced in its implementation in upland based on SWOT (strengths, weeknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis. Development of strategy for implementation of alley cropping system includes technical and non technical strategy.</p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p>
Upland has potential uses for agriculture practices in indonesia. However there are some problems to manage, one of them is many existing upland in sloping areas and high risk to erosion and runoff. Indonesian Soil Research Institute developed a recommendation model for the land management information system (SILAHAN) based on the study of criteria for soil conservation indicators with calculation of erosion hazard index and surface runoff. The aim of this study was to validation SILAHAN prediction models from surface runoff aspects on a plot scale as the basis for formulating recommendations for the most complex land management technology. Validation of the prediction results of surface runoff in SILAHAN model is done by comparing surface runoff results of real measurements in field with the results of predicted by SILAHAN with three simulation. The results of statistical tests with r pearson correlation coefficient is 0,31, 0,31, and 0,32, PBias is -90,6, -86,6 and -83,5, and NSE is -0,76, -0,68, and -0,63. The results of the prediction of plot scale surface runoff in the SILAHAN model were not same as the measurements result on the field observations. it is suggested to determine the correction factors and development capabilities of the SILAHAN model to assess the effectiveness of a land management system in reducing the amount of surface runoff.
Acid upland is considered a potential area for horticulture crop such as cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the use of cacao shell biochar and compost to soil properties and the productivity of cayenne pepper in acid upland. This research was conducted in Taman Bogo research station, Lampung Province, Indonesia in 2017. This research used a randomized block design with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of P0: control (no soil ameliorant and mulch), P1: biochar 20 t ha−1, P2: P1+ mulch, P3: compost 20 t ha−1, P4: P3+mulch, P5: biochar+compost (1:1) 20 t ha−1, and P6: P5+mulch. The raw material of biochar was cacao shell, while compost was manure. The result showed that soil bulk density of biochar, compost, and a combination of biochar and compost treatment lower than control. Biochar with and without compost have soil water content higher than other treatments. Moreover, biochar with and without compost were increase pH, reduce exchangeable Al level, increase C and N content also increase cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation. The use of biochar and compost had positive effects on plant height, the diameter of canopies, and crop yields.
The amount of water captured and stored in the soil profile until the next precipitation events is of great importance in dryland agro-ecosystem for successful crop production. The soil’s ability to rapidly capture and store water precipitation can be accessed through measuring soil sorptivity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of tillage, i.e. reduced and conventional tillages, on soil sorptivity, and to understand how sorptivity is related to surface soil bulk density and water stable aggregates. The experiment was conducted on a site, which has been continuously planted with corn twice a year for more than 10 years. The predominant soil in the study site is Typic Haplusteps. Ponded infiltration measurements were used to determine soil sorptivity. Six positions, 15 meters a part, were chosen within each treatment to measure sorptivity, bulk density and water stable aggregates. Conventional tillage resulted in higher sorptivity (p<0.05), lower surface bulk density (p<0.05), and significantly lower water stable aggregates (p<0.01) than reduced tillage treatment. Sorptivity was negatively correlated to bulk density and positively correlated to water stable aggregates. Better correlations were found between sorptivity and both bulk density (R2 = 0.67) and water stable aggregates (R2= 0.81) under reduced tillage than under conventional tillage treatment. Conventional tillage was found to enhance soil sorptivity in comparison to reduced tillage system. Appropriate soil management is important to maintain proper soil porosity in the field for better rainfall harvesting and plant growth especially in the dryland ecosystem.
Lahan sawah tadah hujan menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam budidaya kedelai, namun hasil kedelai pada lahan sawah tadah hujan relatif rendah, salah satu penyebabnya diperkirakan adalah rendahnya kesuburan tanah. Perbaikan produktivitas tanah dan tanaman dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian bahan amelioran, antara lain arang biomassa (biochar) dan pupuk kandang (Pukan). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian amelioran biochar dan Pukan terhadap sifat fisikokimia tanah dan hasil kedelai di lahan sawah tadah hujan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Tulungagung, Jawa Timur pada dua musim tanam, tahun 2018 dan 2019 dengan perlakuan berupa: pupuk dosis petani (P1); pupuk dosis rekomendasi (P2); P1 + Pukan 10 t ha -1 (P3); P1 + biochar 10 t ha -1 (P4); dan P1 + Pukan 5 t ha -1 + biochar 5 t ha -1 (P5). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan biochar 10 t ha -1 dapat menurunkan bobot isi tanah, meningkatkan kandungan air tersedia, meningkatkan pH tanah, dan meningkatkan kandungan K dapat ditukar. Penambahan Pukan tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap sifat tanah, namun meningkatkan hasil kedelai. Penambahan biochar dan Pukan (P3, P4, P5) memberikan hasil biji dan brangkasan kedelai lebih tinggi 18-21% dibandingkan budidaya cara petani (P1). Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan kembali pentingnya penggunaan biochar dan Pukan dalam pengembangan komoditas kedelai di lahan sawah tadah hujan.
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