The new hexahydroazulenones hortonones A (1) to C (3) were isolated from the leaves of three representative species of the endemic Sri Lankan genus Hortonia that belongs to the family Monimiaceae. Hortonones A (1) and B (2) have the unprecedented rearranged hortonane sesquiterpenoid carbon skeleton, and hortonone C (3) has the unprecedented rearranged and degraded 13-norhortonane skeleton. Hortonone C (3) exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells at 5 μg/mL.
Temperature-induced mineral alterations are extensively used in traditional pharmaceutical industry. Studies on the traditional heating methods for enhancing pharmaceutical properties and on the toxicity of mineral-based medicines are limited. This study focuses on the effect of thermal alterations on mineralogical and chemical changes of biotite with respect to two traditional drugs (Abhrak Bhasma and Abhrak Chendhuram). Samples of the drugs and heat-treated and untreated biotite minerals were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Total and water-soluble cation concentrations of drugs were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. The study reveals that the degree of collapsing the biotite structure increased with the thermal oxidation process that produced nanoparticles of crystalline and amorphous iron oxides and secondary silicates. The thermal products of biotite had nano-crystallinity and high water solubility. The study suggests that modern pharmaceuticals can be developed from mineral-based traditional drugs.
A pot experiment was conducted employing CRD to study how weed seeds are germinated in paddy soil seed bank under elevated temperatures in 2015/16 maha season. Pots were filled with top soils up to 12cm and kept at 04 different temperatures namely 27 0 C, 30 0 C, 35 0 C and 40 0 C in a controlled growth chamber. Relative humidity of the growth chamber was maintained at 80%. Seedling counts were recorded at 10 days intervals up to one month. Results revealed that Counts of Seedling Germinated (CSG) of all types of weeds (Grasses, Sedges and Broadleaves) showed a significant increment at elevated temperature of 35 o C. The CSG of sedges was not significantly increased at 35 o C. But the CSG of grasses and broadleaves types of weeds showed a significant increment at elevated temperature of 35 o C. Beyond 35 o C CSG showed a significant decline in all types of weeds. Elevated temperature up to 35 o C causes significant increment in count of seedling germinated and beyond 35 o C it causes significant decline in count of seedling germinated in tested paddy soils under 80% RH level. There is a potential of increasing populations of weed species like Echinochloa crus-galli, Leptochloa chinensis, Lindernia rotundifolia and Monochoria vaginalis in rice growing fields under elevated temperatures.
The yield performance of lowland rice varieties depends on the method of crop establishment. However, yield of transplanted rice is generally believed to be higher than that of dry-seeded rice. Broadcasting is the most widely practiced establishment method by Sri Lankan paddy farmers. Though it is easier to be practised it has several disadvantages such as high weed infestation, high insect pest infestation and lodging. Under the Yaya 11 program, farmers were introduced machine transplanting by Department of Agriculture. Inter row spacing of the transplanting machine is a fixed value of 30 cm. It allows a severe weed infestation in the field and finally results a remarkable yield loss. Weed management is an essential practice in machine transplanting. Farmers are looking for a better weed management practice in machine transplanting. This study was conducted with the objective of finding out a better weed management practice in machine transplanting. A farmer's field demonstration experiment was conducted at Manapaha in Kurunegala district in Maha 2015/2016. The demonstration was to test 07 treatments namelyT1=Pretilachlor 300g/l+Pyribenzoxim 20g/l followed by Weedering twice, T2= Pretilachlor 300g/l +Pyribenzoxim 20g/l, T3= Pretilachlor 300g/l EC, T4= Pretilachlor 300g/l EC followed by Weedering twice, T5=Weedering twice (at 2 WATP and 4WATP), T6=Hand-weeding and T7=No-weeding. All treatments ultimately gave a significantly higher yields than no-weeded control. It is clear that weed control is essential in machine transplanted rice cultivation. Pretilachlor 300g/l EC was well performed among all herbicide treatments in machine transplanted rice cultivation.
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