Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder and is significant for its ability to adverse effect of various organs. Skin manifestations in this condition are due to metabolic derangements, chronic complications and infections, which are commonly observed after developing clinical diabetes mellitus, but may also precede the disease. Aim: The aim of this study was to understand dermatological manifestations in diabetes mellitus relation with demographic parameters. Materials and Methods: It was a hospital based cross sectional study carried out among 80 randomly selected diabetic patients with/without skin lesions. Patients were then asked for their willingness to participate in the study. Skin examination was carried out and skin lesions were identified. All data was recorded in the pre-designed, pre-tested, and semi-structured questionnaire developed for the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for the necessary data. Result: : Mean age of the subjects was 51.0±13.2 years, minimum age 25 and maximum 80 years. It was observed that, out of 80 patients, 52 (65.0%) were aged between 41–60 years. 52 (65%) were female and 28(35%) were male patients. 46(57.5%) were housewives and 16(20.0%) were service holders, 10(12.5%) were farmers and other 8(10%). 41(51.2%) from middle class, 38(47.5%) from lower class and 1(1.3%) were from upper class. 61.2% patients came from rural area and 38.8% patients from urban area. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 6.6±5.1 years, 42.5% patients duration had 5-10 years followed by 36.3% below 5 years and 21.3% patients had DM more than 10 years. Out of 80 patients, a total of 39(48.8%) DM patients had skin manifestations and 41(51.2%) had no skin manifestations. Among 39 DM patients with skin disease, 19(48.7%) having a single, while 8(25.5%) had two and 13(30.8%) patients had three or more skin lesions. 22(56.4%) patients found diabetic dermopathy, diabetic foot ulcer 12(30.8%), fungal infections 9(23.1%), bullous lesions 7(17.9%), diabetic foot gangrene 5(12.8%), lypodystrophy 5(12.8%), pruritus 5(12.8%), xerosis 5(12.8%) cases, scleredema 3(7.7%), ichthyosis 2(5.1%) and bacterial infections 2(5.1%). Age, sex, educational level, socioeconomic status, residence found no significant association (p>0.05), but duration of diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with the presence of dermatological manifestations (p=0.001). Conclusion: The spectrum of skin manifestations due to DM in this study population is similar to that in other parts of the world. Diabetic dermopathy, Pruritus and fungal infections are the most common cutaneous manifestations in DM patients. The presence of skin manifestations can highlighten the suspicion for DM enabling early diagnosis and management and thereby can be helpful for preventing complications. Medicine Today 2022 Vol.34(2): 145-149
Seborrheic dermatitis is a common chronic disease. Malassezia yeasts have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease. Antifungal agents are known to be effective in the treatment of Malassezia yeast infections. This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of itraconazole in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis. Sixty patients with Seborrheic dermatitis were evaluated in an open non-comparative study. Patients were treated with itraconazole capsule 100 mg twice a day for a week; then after a 3-week interval 100 mg capsule was given twice a day for 2 days of following months for two consecutive months. Four clinical parameters (Itching, burning erythema, scaling, and seborrhea) were assessed using a 0 to 3-point (0= absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe) score. Mycological evaluation determined the presence of Malassezia spores in the scales using a direct smear. At the end of the initial treatment significant improvement was reported in four clinical parameters: Itching, burning erythema, scaling, and seborrhea. Maintenance therapy led to further improvement slightly. Burning sensation mildly improved during the treatment. The quantity of Malassezia spores present in the direct smear decreased throughout the treatment period. Blood test abnormalities were not found during the treatment. So initial treatment with itraconazole is beneficial in patients with seborrheic dermatitis. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2021;16(1):21-24
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