In addition to a primary dwelling, having access to a non-primary dwelling for leisure activities is a mass phenomenon with a long tradition in Norway. This paper questions the Norwegian multidwelling lifestyle by critically discussing its climate implications. Based on a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews with persons having access to non-primary dwellings, the paper analyzes the mobility pattern and housing consumption pattern of the multi-dwelling lifestyle. Two lifestyle groups are distinguished: traditional, and modern multi-dwelling lifestyles. A discussion of the climate implications of the two multi-dwelling lifestyles suggests that the traditional non-primary dwelling lifestyle is less climate harmful than the modern one. Furthermore, informed by the weak and strong sustainability perspectives, the paper suggests two climate policy pathways in order to raise and enrich the debates on climate-friendly development of the multidwelling lifestyle.
Second homes are much valued as recreational resources and also as important commodities on the property market. This study examines the trading patterns and regional price development of Danish second homes from 1992 to 2020. Second home sales volumes and prices reflect the general economic booms and busts and also the possibilities to rent out the property on sharing platforms. However, across regional clusters and over time, property price developments suggest a significant social rigidity in preferences and prospects. The investment and financialization logics and the underlying guiding conspicuous consumption behavior has not changed as an effect of the increased demand during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. When controlling for factors such as house and land plot size, building year, location attractiveness the strong social class and spatial rigidity is reproduced in the data. The shifting of wealth accumulated in the second homes between generations supports the same tendency, and taxation does not rebalance regional effects. Accordingly, only to a limited extent does owning a second home contribute to social equality, even if some second-home owners and policy makers tend to think otherwise. Economic measures in planning and governance portfolios are found to be negligible.
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