Cognitive deficits are one of the core symptoms of schizophrenia that evolve during the course of schizophrenia, after being originated even before the onset of illness. Existing pharmacological and biological treatment modalities fall short to meet the needs to improve the cognitive symptoms; hence, various cognitive remediation strategies have been adopted to address these deficits. Research evidences suggest that cognitive remediation measures improve the functioning, limit disability bettering the quality of life. The functional outcomes of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia are resultant of neurobiological changes in specific brain areas. Recent years witnessed significant innovations in cognitive remediation strategies in schizophrenia. This comprehensive review highlights the biological correlates of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and the remedial measures with evidence base.
Aims and methodThe HEALTH Passport is a tool to help patients make lifestyle changes to reduce the future burden of chronic disease. This study assesses the potential of this behaviour change strategy in psychiatric patients. We introduced 50 psychiatric in-patients to the HEALTH Passport and asked them to complete a semi-qualitative questionnaire. Results were compared with those of 100 controls.ResultsPsychiatric in-patients are exposed to almost twice as many modifiable risk factors of chronic disease compared with controls. Although psychiatric in-patients are less motivated to address their risk factors, the HEALTH Passport could almost halve the proportion of psychiatric patients at high risk of chronic disease.Clinical implicationsThe low level of health literacy among psychiatric patients must be addressed to reduce their risk exposure. Potentially, the HEALTH Passport provides a cost-effective tool for this purpose.
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder prevalent across the globe. Because of its chronic course, most of the individuals with schizophrenia require lifelong treatment which may pose financial, physical, and mental burden over the primary caregivers. So, while taking care of the individuals with schizophrenia over a prolonged period, caregivers themselves can suffer from the burden in the form of depression, anxiety, and stress. Objective: To study the relationship between caregiver burden in the form of depression, anxiety and stress, and the resilience among the primary caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia. Methodology: Present crosssectional study was carried out by the department of Psychiatry of a tertiary care rural teaching hospital from Maharashtra, India. Data were collected from 80 primary caregivers by using standard questionnaires like Depression, Anxiety and Stress -21 item (DASS-21) scale to measure the caregiver burden and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) to measure the levels of resilience. Results:Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress were 55%, 35%, and 48.7% respectively. Significant negative correlation was observed between resilience levels and depression (r= -0.23), anxiety (r= -0.35), and stress (r= -0.24), suggesting that the probability of the caregiver burden increases with decline in the level of resilience. Conclusion: Based on the findings, we recommend that regular individual as well as group sessions should be conducted for the primary caregivers to strengthen their resilience so that they can not only
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