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Objectives: Tobacco consumption is of major concern for public health. Compromised oral hygiene accentuated by tobacco leads to alteration in the oral mucosa and microbiome, including Candida, and its species can be identified rapidly using CHROMagar. Curcumin, a naturally available compound possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-carcinogenic, anti-fungal, and immunomodulatory properties. Hence, a comprehensive study was planned. Aim: To evaluate and compare cytomorphometric analysis and Candida colonization and speciation in tobacco users before and after the use of curcumin gel. Materials and Methods: The study comprised a total of 120 participants (the study (tobacco habit) group, n = 60 and control (healthy) group, n = 60). The intervention was the application of curcumin gel over the lesion area three times daily for 2 months. All participants’ oral health status was assessed, followed by cytomorphometric analysis and Candida colonization and speciation using CHROMagar. Results: Cytomorphometric analysis showed statistically significant differences in the control and study group for cell diameter (CD), nuclear diameter (ND), CD: ND ratio, and micronuclei (p = 0.0001). Candida colonization had a significantly higher number of colonies in the habit group when compared to the control group. Candida tropicalis was predominant in the study group, whereas Candida albicans was predominant in the control group. In the study group, after intervention with curcumin, a statistically significant difference was seen in nuclear diameter, CD: ND ratio, and micronuclei. There was a reduction in the number of Candida colonies, and Candida albicans was the predominant species observed in the study group after the intervention of curcumin and discontinuation of habit. Conclusion: Curcumin was found to reduce the number of micronuclei and also decreased Candida colonization, along with the discontinuation of habit in tobacco users.

Background: Sexual dimorphism refers to those differences in size, stature and appearance between male and female that can be applied to dental identification of humans. Teeth are good sources of material for civil and medico-legal identification. Tooth size standards based on odontometric investigation can be used in age and sex determination. The present study was planned to evaluate the existence of sexual dimorphism using both buccolingual (BL) and mesiodistal (MD) dimensions and prevalence of cusp of Carabelli in maxillary permanent first molars in Gujarati population. Materials and Methods: Totally 60 students (30 males and 30 females) of Gujarati population with 10-35 years of age were selected by random sampling method. After oral examination, impressions of the maxillary arch were taken and the BL and MD dimensions of the maxillary first molars were measured using digital Vernier calipers on study casts and also checked for presence of cusp of Carebelli. Results:The mean values of parameters (BL and MD dimensions) were greater in male when compared to female. There was a significant difference in mean values of MD dimensions of maxillary right first molar of males (10.39 ± 0.48) and females (10.11 ± 0.52) (P = 0.03). Moreover, presence of cusp of Carabelli was found to be more frequent in males (23.33%) when compared to females (11.67%). Conclusion:The study results revealed that MD dimension can be used as a parameter to check the sexual dimorphism in Gujarati population.

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) is one of the rarest of porphyrias occurring worldwide. CEP is a very rare genetic autosomal recessive disease, with mutation in the gene that codifies uroporphyrinogen-III synthase, leading to porphyrin accumulation in many tissues, with marked skin photosensitivity, hemolytic anemia with splenomegaly and a decreased life expectancy. We report a case of Gü;nther’s disease in view of its rarity along with a description of this interesting condition. An 18-month-old female baby with clinical, hematological and biochemical profile of CEP was reported with marked skin photosensitivity over face and hands. She had erythrodontia with delayed eruption of teeth. When evaluating erythrodontia of uncertain cause, we advocate maintaining a high degree of awareness for porphyria, especially for CEP as it is the rarest among porphyria and is a life-threatening condition.