Objective: To compare the functional recovery of infraorbital nerve paresthesia following open reduction as compared to closed reduction in zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture management. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dept. Dentistry Section, Ayub Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 1st April 2016 to 30th September 2016. Methodology: Eighty two patients of infraorbital nerve recovery were included. They were divided in two groups; group A was treated by closed reduction technique, and group B was treated by open reduction with internal fixation technique using mini plates. Permuted blocks of 6 were used to ensure equal representation in both groups. All patients were underwent surgical management within 1-7 days following trauma. Patients were assessed post-surgery for infraorbital nerve recovery. Results: There were 63.4% males and 36.6% females in group A while 60.9% males and 39.1% females were included in group B with mean age was 28.44±7.15 years in group A and 27.93±7.33 in group B respectively. 51.2% patients have infraorbial nerve recovery in group A while 65.8% have infraorbital nerve recovery in group B. Conclusion: Closed reduction approach was found to be the best reduction technique and open reduction was effective in terms of stability, prevention of relaps and functional recovery of infraorbital nerve injuries. Key words: Functional recovery, Infraorbital nerve, Paresthesia, Closed reduction, Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture
Heavy metals as environmental pollutants have been recognized to have a role in the induction of malignant human growths. Recently, certain heavy metals have shown a close association with breast cancers. The objective of this study was to assess the concentration of lead and cadmium in malignant breast tumors and the normal breast tissue of the same individual. Lead and Cadmium concentration was determined in the breast tissue samples of 30 malignant breast tumor patients. Two samples of breast tissue from each patient, i.e. diseased tissue and normal tissue (from the same breast of the same patient) were taken during the lumpectomy or mastectomy procedure, for analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The present study showed a highly significant increase in Lead (11.8 ± 2.6) (P < 0.001) and Cadmium (6.5 ± 1.9) (P < 0.001) concentrations in malignant breast tumor tissues as compared to their corresponding normal tissues (Lead 4.4 ± 2.7 and Cadmium 1.9 ± 1.1). We concluded that Lead and Cadmium have a significant role in the causation of malignant breast tumors and can be a potent diagnostic marker of the disease process. Keywords: Lead, Cadmium, Malignant Breast Tumor, Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. INTRODUCTIONBreast diseases are very common all over the world; especially malignant breast tumors are common in the western world. Breast cancer ranks second to all cancers in the American women and incidence of female breast cancer has risen world wide in the recent decade.1,2 In India, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in many regions and has overtaken cervix cancer.3 Presently the percentage of breast cancer among the male population has risen above 2 % of all cancers.
Objective: To determine the frequency of parasymphysis fracture in mandibular fractures due to road traffic accidents. Study Type: Cross-sectional study Duration and Place of Study: Department of OMF Surgery Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 1st December 2019 to 30thMay 2020 Methodology: One hundred and forty eight patients were shifted to the Radiology Department for X-rays of mandible . Fractures of mandible especially fracture of parasymphysis were seen. Results: The mean age was 47.46±21.25 years. Fractured parasymphysis was found in 75 (82%) male patients and female patients were 14% (8/57). Conclusions: The gender was found to be significantly associated with the outcome i.e. parasymphysis fracture in mandibular fractures due to road traffic accidents. The age, number of fractures and type of fractures were not found to be significantly associated with the outcome i.e. parasymphysis fracture in mandibular fractures due to road traffic accidents. Keywords: Parasymphysis fracture, Mandibular fractures, Facial injury
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