Colloidal systems in form of emulsions or suspensions are widely used in various of industries including oil-gas fields development industry. Invert emulsions and suspensions are actively applied in fields development, including enhanced oil recovery, intensification of oil production, drilling and wells workover. Results of laboratory tests for studying physical properties of heterogeneous systems as an emulsion system with nanoparticles and emulsion-suspension system with nanoparticles are presented in this paper. Having unique physical and chemical properties these systems can be effectively applied in upstream of oil and gas as a water-limiting agent or blocking pack with reversible effect. In framework of this research, laboratory tests for evaluation of the influence of the new systems on filtration characteristics of hydraulic fractures are carried out. Laboratory tests are planned in accordance with requirements of international standards and conducted under the closest conditions to subsurface thermal and pressure conditions of formations S Tyr Abdylovskoe, S BASh Yugomashevskoe and YuS-2 and YuS-4 of Tortasinskoe oil-gas fields. Based on the results, permeability and conductivity indexes of the models of hydraulic fractures before and after filtration of the new types of colloidal systems are calculated. In order to evaluate an efficiency of the new systems and to study a possibility to regulate its blocking properties an analysis of the impact made by a type and a quantity of nanosized solids on to the blocking properties is carried out. An optimal concentration of nanoparticles in the compositions for a range of formation conditions of particular carbonate and sandstone subsurface reservoirs of oil-gas fields of Russian Federation are represented in this paper.
The article deals with the problem of determining the energy for the cement production materials destruction. It is shown that the destruction of various materials consumes a significant amount of energy. One of the most energy-intensive building materials is cement. The method of energy calculation for the cement production materials grinding on the cement clinker example is proposed. The grinding cement clinker process and additives is described on the basis of the thermodynamic method. The assumptions are made under which the destruction of the cement clinker occurs under the influence of external forces. The change in the volume of the crushed material due to the increase in energy in the original volume is shown. The expression for the elementary work on the cement clinker particles destruction is proposed. The expression for determining the total work on grinding the particle of cement clinker depending on its size, generalized thermodynamic force and elastic modulus of the crushed material is obtained.
Production of construction materials every year production increases, thus increasing emissions pollutants into the atmosphere subjected to cleaning. At the enterprises of building materials production equipment becoming outdated both morally and physically exhausted their useful life. Technological design standards in the operation of purification equipment has undergone a number of changes. There are a large number of works devoted to the theory of cyclone separation. They examined calculation method and to determine the minimum size of particles is separated completely from the air stream in a cyclone. In theory, the high efficiency cyclones are relatively small separation of particles from the air stream. The experiments show that certain fractions of full capture occurs from the cyclones and out relatively large particles. Designed dust device hubs. They capture dust particles with low specific density and smaller than 5-10 microns. Rational use of hubs is achieved in the aspiration systems high performance. They are placed in front of or between the filter and the cyclone filter. Hub much reduces the amount of dust-laden air directed onto a thin cleaning. This reduces energy consumption for manufacturing as a whole, as well as, due to a possible decrease in performance fine filters, reducing their initial cost, metal consumption, maintenance costs and reduce the area occupied by them.
Efficient operation of rotating technological units in the period between overhauls largely depends on parts of backup abutments -bandages and rollers. At the same time an effect of rolling surfaces ground contact areas shape of these parts takes place, which in the end determine contact spot characteristics.The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of errors form surfaces bearing parts as well as their relative position on the stress-strain state in the contact zone. As a result of studies questions concerning contact surfaces modeling of bandages rolling surface and support roller of technological drums conditions, influence of their relative positioning on surface formation in a contact zone were resolved. Geometric and power characteristics of contact spot for various cases of positional relationship of bandages and rollers axles were obtained. The simulation results generally show that the length of the contact patch at small angles of rotation (3 degrees) does not change significantly; lowest stresses occur at the ends of the contact line, and change in length are unevenly; the maximum stress occurs at the center of the rotation axis and a third stress higher than the case where the axis are parallel. Contact patch shape is slightly different from the rectangular shape, but is asymmetric with respect to the axis of the bandage; a zone of low stresses at the ends of the contact spot, shows a change in the contact patch shape from a rectangle to an asymmetrical oval.
Abstract. In the production of concrete structures widespread shaking tables of various designs. The effectiveness of vibroforming concrete items largely depends on the choice of rational modes of vibroeffect to the compacting mixture. The article discusses the propagation of a wave packet in the concrete mixture under shock and vibration molding. Studies have shown that the spectrum of a wave packet contains a large number of harmonics. The main parameter influencing the amplitude-frequency spectrum is the stiffness of elastic gaskets between mold and forming machine vibrating table. By varying the stiffness of the elastic gaskets can widely change the spectrum of the oscillations propagating in the concrete mix. Thus, it is possible to adjust the intensity of the process of vibroforming.The theory and practice of vibratory compaction of concrete mixtures are still relevant in the production of concrete items and structures [1][2][3]. The main tasks in easel forming concrete items are the choice of effective modes of vibration effects and rational parameters of the shaking tables.Unfortunately, when using standard molding conditions of existing construction vibrating equipment does not meet modern requirements. This is due to their large resource consumption over the low quality of manufactured concrete items, low operational reliability, as well as the excess of admissible norms of noise and vibration [4,5].To compact firm concrete mix B. V. Gusev [6] developed the theoretical foundations of shock and vibration technology. Staff members of his school were created and installed equipment for implementing low-frequency modes forming concrete items [1,7]. In other works [8,9], as effective modes of compaction of firm mixes it is proposed to use the socalled asymmetrical shock-free oscillations. The advantage of applying these oscillations is the absence of oscillating vibrotable with the balancing frame.In articles [10, 11] described optimization of parameters of shock and vibration shaking tables for efficient modes of forming concrete items of firm concrete.It is interest to consider the process of propagation of a wave packet in concrete mix under shock and vibration effects on the mold and explore a range of pulses, which propagate in the mixture.
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