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The present work describes the fabrication of Ni–graphene composite coatings on carbon steel at different deposition temperatures (15 °C, 30 °C, 45 °C and 60 °C, respectively) by an electrochemical codeposition method.

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The unbalanced nutrients of municipal solid waste (MSW), particularly high carbon contents, were regarded as a major limiting factor to anaerobic digestion process. In this study, the addition of MSW in food waste (FW) feedstock to have a balanced C/N ratio was studied. Different co-substrate mixtures with C/N ratio of 20 to 40 were subjected to anaerobic batch experiment at lab scale, under mesophilic conditions. The biogas production decreased with the increase in C/N ratio due to insufficient availability of organic nitrogen for anaerobic microbial growth. Specific biogas and methane yields were observed to be 827 and 474.44 mL gVS, respectively, with volatile solids (VS) reduction rate of 88%, at C/N ratio of 20. Furthermore, the effect of the substrate to inoculum (S/I) ratio on digester performance was also studied. The biogas production decreased with the increase in S/I ratio due to the formation of more volatile fatty acids (VFAs) which led to decrease in pH and accumulated unionized ammonia-N. Specific biogas and methane yields were recorded to be 655 and 410.20 mL gVS, with 64% rate of biodegradability at S/I ratio of 0.5. Kinetics and statistics study showed that the higher S/I ratio could lead to VFA accumulation and result in low methane yield.

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