 Shelf life extension of button mushrooms was evaluated by a combined approach  Temperature, packaging material, and modified atmosphere (MA) were investigated  Tissue softening is avoided for high CO 2 concentration (up to 20%)  The best performance was obtained for the 'nano' packaging with MA at 4°C

This study investigated the effect of chitosan coating, nanopackaging, and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to increase the shelf life and improve the quality of the white button mushroom. Uncoated and coated button mushrooms were stacked in three types of packages (normal, nano, and nano + MAP). The atmosphere inside the nano + MAP packages contained 10% oxygen and 10% carbon dioxide. The physical, chemical, mechanical properties and the evolution of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the packages were investigated. The results showed that the triple interaction had significant effect (at 1% and 5% levels) on physical, mechanical properties and gas composition. The use of nanofilm (due to the low permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide), as well as the modification of atmosphere had a positive effect on the control of mushroom respiration rate and the improvement in its physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. K E Y W O R D S button mushroom, engineering properties, packaging, shelf life | 225 GHOLAMI et AL. How to cite this article: Gholami R, Ahmadi E, Ahmadi S.Investigating the effect of chitosan, nanopackaging, and modified atmosphere packaging on physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of button mushroom during storage.

Some physical properties of kumquat were investigated. Physical properties which were measured included fruit dimensions, mass, volume, projected area, density, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and surface area. Bulk density, porosity and also packaging coefficient were calculated. Mechanical properties such as the elasticity modulus, rupture force and energy required for initial rupture have been determined. The experiments were carried out at moisture content of 82.6% (w.b.). The results show that the kumquat fruit is one of the smallest fruit in the citrus family.

Nomenclature M = fruit mass, g; V = fruit Volume, cm 3 ; Dg = geometric mean diameter, mm; S = surface area, mm 2 ; L = length of fruits, mm; W = width of fruit, mm; T = thickness of fruit, mm; PA1 = first projected area which perpendicular to L direction, mm 2 ; PA2 = second projected area which perpendicular to W direction, mm 2 ; PA3 = third projected area which perpendicular to T direction, mm 2 ; CPA = criteria projected area, mm 2 ; SD = standard deviation; b0, b1, b2 = curve fitting parameters; X = independent parameter. AbstractIntroduction Horticultural crops used as food with a similar weight and uniform shape are in high demand in terms of marketing value. Objectives Therefore, an awareness of methods for grading fruits and vegetables based on weight is crucial. A part of this research was aimed at presenting some physical properties of caper. Methods In addition, in this study, the mass of caper was predicted using different physical characteristics in four models that include linear, quadratic, S-curve and power. Results According to the results, all properties considered in the current study were found to be statistically significant at the 1% probability level for the best and the worst models for prediction; the mass of caper was based on volume and second projected area of the caper with determination coefficients of 0.984 and 0.323, respectively. Conclusion Mass model based on first projected area from an economical standpoint is recommended.

Introduction and methods In this paper, the physical properties such as length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, mass, volume, bulk density, sphericity, projected area and mechanical characteristics, namely Young modulus, maximum force and required energy for initial fracture at yield point for Castor seed (Ricinus communis) were determined. Objectives These properties are necessary in the design of equipment for harvesting, processing and transportation, separating and packing. Results The results showed that the mean values of length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, mass, volume, projected areas perpendicular to the main diameters and sphericity of Castor seed are 13.52 mm, 13.39 mm, 13.38 mm, 13.43 mm, 13.42 mm, 1.29 g, 0.17 cm 3 , 143.8 mm 2 , 117.5 mm 2 , 143.1 mm 2 and 99.41%, respectively. Conclusions The average values of Young modulus, maximum force for initial fracture and required energy at yield point for Castor seed were 0.44 GPa, 198.11 N, and 382.08 N.mm, respectively.

Introduction This research was conducted on faba bean seed (Vicia faba L.). Objectives Knowledge of the physical and mechanical properties of faba bean is required for equipment used in activities such as transportation, storage, grading and packaging. Methods Properties which were measured included dimensions, mass, volume, projected area, density, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and surface area. Experiments were carried out at a moisture content of 88.05% (wet basis). Some mechanical properties of faba bean in quasi-static loading were determined, such as elastic modulus; rupture force and energy were used in rupture.Results Results showed that average mass and volume were 4.12 g and 3.30 mL, respectively. Dimensions increased from 16.65 mm to 28.73 mm in length, 11.97 mm to 21.60 mm in width and 7.31 mm to 11.11 mm in thickness. The mean projected areas perpendicular to length width, and thickness were 143.98 mm 2 , 192.05 mm 2 and 321.65 mm 2 respectively. The geometric mean diameter and surface areas were 14.83 mm and 694.13 mm, respectively, while sphericity was 65.48%. Conclusion It was found that the values of these mechanical parameters increased when the loading rate was increased. Jaliliantabar F, Lorestani AN, Gholami R (2012). Physical properties and mechanical behavior in quasi-static loading of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 4,[193][194][195][196][197][198]

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