Aim:The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of ceramic type, thickness, and time of irradiation on degree of polymerization of dual-cure resin cement.Materials and Methods:Dual-cure resin cement (SoloCem) was used to prepare disk-shaped samples (0.5 mm thick × 5 mm diameter). Study group samples (n = 5) were light-cured for 40, 60, and 80 s through all ceramic leucite-reinforced (Cergo Kiss), lithium disilicate-reinforced (IPS e.max), and monolithic zirconia-reinforced (Ziecon) of three thicknesses (2, 3, and 4 mm). Negative control group samples were cured through metal disks and positive control samples were cured without the presence of ceramic. The degree of conversion (DC) was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The recorded data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance, followed by post hoc analysis (Tukey HSD).Results and Conclusion:Greatest light transmission and DC were seen through Cergo Kiss, followed by IPS e.max Press and Ziecon, with insignificant difference between the latter two. The attenuation of light irradiance increased with increasing thickness of ceramic disks, with statistically significant values between 3 and 4 mm. Increasing time of irradiation to cure dual-cure resin cement did not always result in greater degree of polymerization.
The Lassa fever (Haemorrhagic, zoonotic disease) was founded in the town Lassa, Nigeria in 1969th, which is transmitted by rodents. It is an endemic disease located in West Africa. Nosocomial transmission is most common where there is inadequate supply of proper equipments. 80% people with Lassa virus are asymptomatic with an incubation period of 6-12 days. Having diverse symptoms the diagnosis of Lassa fever becomes difficult however clinical features and confirmed laboratory test makes diagnosis of Lassa fever possible. Antiviral drugs can be the mode of treatment for the same.
Adaptive feedback linearizing control schemes are used to suppress limit cycle oscillations in nonlinear systems where the system parameters are either unknown or uncertain. Parameter convergence is desirable in these schemes as it provides a measure of robustness of the scheme and also permits the unknown/uncertain system parameters to be estimated. In recent work, we have shown how using a persistently exciting forcing it is possible to achieve parameter convergence in nonlinear limit cycling systems. In practice, however, limits on the control input to the plant due to saturation must be considered, and the main goal of this work is to analyze the effect of input saturation on parameter convergence in an adaptive feedback linearization framework. In particular, a technique known as control hedging is incorporated and the effectiveness of this method for very severe saturation constraints has been evaluated. Results are presented for a single degree-of-freedom wing rock dynamics model and a multi degree-of-freedom combustion acoustics model showing successful parameter convergence even in the presence of input saturation.
His expertise is in the areas of modeling, simulation, analysis, and control of complex, nonlinear systems.T h is a r tic le is m e a n t to b e a sim p le in tr o d u c tio n to th e sc ie n c e o f a d a p tiv e c o n tro l. A d a p tiv e c o ntr o l is c o m m o n ly u se d in a ir p la n e s a n d c h e m ic a l p la n ts, b e sid e s o th e r e n g in e e rin g sy ste m s.1 . S o m e B a sic N o tio n s D y n am ica l sy stem s are u b iq u ito u s in n a tu re. C lassic ex a m p les of d y n a m ica l sy stem s a re a n oscillatin g sim p le p en d u lu m or a sp rin g -m ass-d am p er sy stem . M ath em a tica lly, th ese sy stem s can b e m o d eled in th e fo llow in g fo rm :mw h ere x rep resen ts th e a n gu lar d isp lacem en t o f th e p end u lu m , or th e tra n slatio n al d isp lacem en t of th e m ass in th e sp rin g -m a ss-d a m p er sy stem , m is th e m a ss/ in ertia , c is th e d am p in g co e± cien t, an d k is th e sti® n ess co e± -cien t; f in th is m o d el is a n ex tern a l fo rce/ to rq u e a ctin g o n th e sy stem . M a n y o th er p ra ctica l sy stem s ca n a lso b e m o d eled in th is form . F o r ex am p le, th e d y n am ic resp o n se o f a n a irp la n e a fter its n o se is slig h tly d isp la ced b y a gu st of w in d can b e m o d eled in p recisely th is m ann er; th is m o tio n is ca lled th e short period m ode of o scilla tio n of th e airp la n e. T h e slosh in g m o tio n of th e free su rfa ce o f a liq u id in a p a rtia lly -¯lled co n ta in er is o ften m o d eled as d escrib ed ab ove; th ese m o d els are p o p u la rly called pen du lu m m odels fo r slo sh .F or co n v en ien ce, w e ch o ose m = 1 in th e fo llow in g d iscu ssion { th ere is n o loss o f g en erality d u e to th is ch oice a s w e co u ld h av e eq u a lly w ell d iv id ed ev ery term in (1 ) b y m , an d d e¯n ed c= m ;k = m , a n d f = m as th e n ew d am pin g co e± cien t, n ew sti® n ess co e± cien t, an d n ew ex tern al
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