PurposeThe present study investigates the moderating role of customer trust in customer relationship management (CRM) components and customer loyalty relationships in the context of the baking sector in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through a survey using a structured questionnaire from 350 customers of commercial banks in Bangladesh.FindingsThe key finding is that all CRM components (customer orientation, customer advocacy and customer knowledge) except customer engagement have positive impact on customer loyalty. Moreover, customer trust only moderates the relationship between customer knowledge and customer loyalty, whereas other CRM components and customer loyalty do not moderate by trust.Originality/valueThe findings of the study add to the substantial pool of knowledge on CRM components, customer trust and customer loyalty literature. More specifically, the moderating role of customer trust between customer knowledge and customer loyalty is the novel contribution of this research which will enrich the existing CRM literature particularly in the banking sector of Bangladesh.

The quality of the human resource of an organization is essential to its success. Thus, every organization must seek to improve the quality of its workforce. One way of achieving this is through training and development programs. The importance of training and development programs can only be appreciated with a clear understanding of its direct impact on employee performance. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of training and development programs on employee performance. The data for this study has been collected through a structured questionnaire by conducting a survey. The sample size of this study is 100 and is chosen based on convenience sampling technique from different chemical and manufacturing industries of Bangladesh. All the data of this study were processed and analysed through SPSS 20. The value of Cronbach Alpha was 0.725, means that the data of this study is reliable according to Nunnaly, (1978). Hypotheses were tested through multiple regression analysis. From the findings, it has found that Orientation Training (OT), Career Development Training (CDT), and Environment, Health & Safety Training (EHST) have the significant impact on Employee Performance (EP) while there was no significant relation between Job Training (JT) and Employee Performance (EP). Eventually, this study was concluded by providing a few recommendations for organisational implication.

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of customer relationship management (CRM) components on customer loyalty of a firm. The three components of CRM in this study are customer knowledge, customer orientation, and technology capability. A structured questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale was used to gather the data by conducting a survey. The sample size is 200 and chosen on a convenient basis. Indicators were generated based on the literature review. Data were analyzed by using PLS 3.0 software. The key finding is that customer loyalty is negatively impacted by the CRM component, customer knowledge. On the other hand, the impacts of customer orientation and technology capability on customer loyalty have been found to be significant and profound. This study adds to the existing pool of knowledge on CRM components and customer loyalty from the perspective of the Bangladesh banking sector. The findings may facilitate bank officials and can be used as a strategic instrument for cultivating customer loyalty in the Bangladesh context.

This study endeavours to understand customer satisfaction in online shopping while investigating the major reasons that motivated customers' decision-making processes as well as inhibitions of online shopping. The Kotler and Killers (2009) Five Stage Buying Process Model was chosen as the basis of framework of this study to explain customer satisfaction through their motivations to buy products online. The existing literature was reviewed to discover reasons that would influence customers positively or negatively towards shopping online. Surveys were conducted by distributing questionnaires in the Wrexham area (North Wales) to gather data for this research. SPSS software package was used to present research data graphically and to test research hypothesis. From the findings, it was discovered that respondents use internet to purchase products through online because they believe it is convenience to them and the term convenient includes elements such as time saving, information availability, opening time, ease of use, websites navigation, less shopping stress, less expensive and shopping fun. In contrast, along with respondents' mind-sets, online payment security, personal privacy and trust, unclear warranties and returns policies and lack of personal customer service are the foremost barriers of online shopping. Furthermore, the result of hypotheses established that even though online shopping is convenient to all consumers, online payment system and privacy or security anxieties have significant impact on online shopping. Finally, some recommendations have been offered for online retailers to take initiatives for making online shopping more admired and trustworthy.

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