A novel series of mesotetrakis[aryl]-21H,23H-porphyrin derivatives 2a-j was synthesized from the condensation of aldehyde derivatives 1a-j with pyrrole in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid. The synthesized porphyrins were considered as a model to study the free radical-induced damage of biological membranes and the protective effects of these porphyrins. It was found that these compounds effectively inhibit the free radical-induced oxidative hemolysis of red blood cells. Compounds 2c and 2d which bear a sulfur atom, a nitro group, and a chlorine atom exhibited markedly higher antihemolysis activity than the other analogous. Compounds 2a, 2c, 2d, and 2j showed the highest protection activity against DNA damage induced by the bleomycin-iron complex. Compounds 2d, 2f, 2i, and 2j were proved to exhibit antioxidative activity.
porphyrin (2f), in high yields using a new method via a capping mechanism. These dyes were used as a model to study the free radical-induced damage of biological membranes and the protective effects of these porphyrins. It was demonstrated that these dyes were effective in the inhibition of the free radical-induced oxidative haemolysis of rat blood cells. Dyes 2d and 2f which bear methoxy functionality exhibited markedly higher antihaemolysis activity than the other analogs. Molecular modeling methods using ZINDO/INDO-1, with a configuration interaction of 26, and TD-DFT using the energy functional B3LYP and the basis set DGTZVP were used to study the vertical electronic excitations of porphyrins 2a-f and it was shown that the max calculated using TD-DFT method was in excellent agreement with the experimental results, while the ZINDO method was inferior. Moreover, excellent correlation between the LUMO energy and cytotoxicity of dyes 2a-f was found.
The starting 1-phenylbutane-1,3-dione (1) was used as key intermediate for the synthesis of several new thiophene and pyrazole derivatives. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity against an Ehrlich ascites cells and <i>in vivo</i> cytotoxicity for compound 10d using EAC assay and 5-fluorouracil is used as reference drug. Compounds 7c, e and 10c, d showed significant activity in certain cancer cell and have been targeted for further studies, compound 10d is more effective and showed the highest activity. Structures of the newly prepared compounds were confirmed by both spectral, analytical data and molecular calculations
This manuscript describes the synthesis of a new series of porphyrin structures 4a-4m, 7, 9, 12 and 14. These structures were investigated against two types of viruses such as HIV-1 and HSV-1. Also they were screened for their antitumor activity. Among all tested compounds, it was found that compound 4b showed a high activity against HIV-1 and HSV-1 and against four different tumor cell lines. Most of the tested compounds showed a moderate degree of a potent antimicrobial activity. The structure of these compounds was confirmed on the basis of their analytical and spectral data such as UV-vis, IR, 13 C NMR, 1 H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectral data. 6 Scheme 6. Novel porphyrin structure 9 J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA @ SAN DIEGO on 06/03/15. For personal use only.
One set of major challenges and significant progress is attributed to the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals from the exoskeleton of marine crustacean wastes to minimize the environmental pollutants. In this strategy, high molecular weight chitosan was subsequently used in the synthesis of smart three-dimensional cross-linked network polymers. Super absorbent chitosan-ZnO nanocomposite hydrogels were synthesized a terminated diisocyanate compound, a chitosan sample (NH/NCO), and ZnO nanoparticles in different concentrations (1-7%). The discovered intelligent drugs were confirmed by spectral analyses such as FTIR, XRD, DLS, TGA and morphological analyses such as AFM, SEM, and TEM. The unique physical properties of chitosan-ZnO nanocomposite hydrogels towards environmental stimuli and the porosity of their structures have gained particular interest in fluorescence isothiocyanate-labeled insulin-loaded hydrogel nanocomposites for drug delivery into the rat nasal cavity. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to prove the absorption enhancement of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled insulin-loaded hydrogels in the rat nasal cavity by this formulation. The formulation of hydrogels apparently decreased the blood glucose concentration (50-65% of initial blood glucose concentration) for at least 4-5.5 h after administration, and no apparent cytotoxicity was found after administration.
Intelligent food wrapping materials have sparked interest in preserving food from spoilage until it reaches to consumers. Sufficient moisture from the air can be picked up by the food to encourage microorganism’s growth. One of the most significant matters in food chemistry is bright packaging which enables the researchers to keep an eye on the quality of food. In the light of these factors, the researchers made long efforts to synthesize responsive-stimuli chitosan hydrogels from shrimp shell preparative chitosan which cross-linked with different weights of 1,6-diisocyanatohexane in refluxing 1% glacial acetic acid. Alternatively, the newly harvesting hydrogels were screened as meat and chicken smart packaging because they were soft, biodegradable, and flexible instead of plastic packaging that is nonbiodegradable and causes environmental pollution. The flexibility enabled hydrogels to be folded around the meat and chicken pieces. The synthesized hydrogels were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyses.
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