Three field experiments were carried out during the successive winter seasons on 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 at Sids Agricultural Research Station farm, A.R.C., Bani Swif Governorate, Egypt, to management resistance development by using herbicides with different sites of action (SOA's) in the sequential application at reduced rates with adjuvants (mineral oil) on productivity, quality and associated weeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Experiment No.1 studied the efficacy of certain graminicide Topic 15% WP (clodinafop propargyl), Eferst 70% WG (flucarbazone sodium), both used at full rate, alone, and in sequence at reduced rate with mineral oil 1%, Experiment No.2 studied controlling broad leaved weeds herbicides Garenary 75% WG (tribenuron-methyl), Brominal 24 % EC (bromoxynil-octanoate), both used at full rate, alone, and in sequence at reduced rate with mineral oil 1% and Experiment 3: studied controlling grassy and broad-leaved weeds used herbicides Otheilo OD 5.25% OD (diflufenican 5%+ iodosulfuron methyl sodium 0.25+ Mesosulfuron methyl 0.75%) a ready formulated at full rate, alone, and the sequential application (Topic, Eferst, Garenary and Brominal) at reduced rates with mineral oil. All experiments included hand weeding at 20 and 40 days after sowing and weedy check. Each experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Blocks Design with four replicates. Results of Exp.No.1 indicated that the sequential application of herbicides at reduced rate Eferest (10 g/fed.) followed by Topik (70 g/fed.) both with mineral oil (1%), gave more efficiency weed control than that obtained by each alone, whereas, the fresh weight of grassy weeds were (23.3 and 33.5 g/m 2 ) and grain yield (22.88 and 23.70 ardab/fed.) in the 1 st and the 2 nd seasons, respectively. Exp.2: Results showed that the sequential application of Gerenary (4 g/fed.) followed by brominal (500 cm 3 /fed.), both at reduced rate plus mineral oil at 1%, better decreasing fresh weight of broadleaved weeds by (29.0 and 34.0 g/m 2 ) as compared to other treatments with while, increasing on wheat yield (23.45 and 24.12 ardab/fed.) in both seasons, respectively. Results of Exp.No.3: showed that the maximum weed control efficiency was achieved with sequential application of Gernary in combination with Topik both at reduced rates with mineral oils (1%), whereas, gave decreasing total weeds fresh weight by (55.75 and 48.0 g/m 2 ) compared to the other treatments, similar trend was observed in grain yield of wheat and its components. Therefore, it could be concluded from this study that, to avoid the appearance of the development herbicide-resistant weeds should be chosen various herbicides with different site of action in sequence application at reduced rates with adjuvants (mineral oil) to achieve efficiency of weed control without loosing in wheat yield and its components.
A field experiment was carried out during two successive summer seasons 2018 and, repeated, on 2019 at Sids Agricultural Research Station Farm, A.R.C., Bani Swif Governorate, Egypt; to study the effect of different weed control treatments on yield, yield components, quality and associated weeds of maize. Each field trail included the following treatments: a) Mulching with black and green polyethylene sheets, b) Mulching with rice or wheat, straw c) Herbicides (Atazan 75% WG at 50 g fed. and Steler star 21% SL at 300 cm 3 fed.) both at full rate (alone) and at reduced rate with their integration by different mulching or with adding mineral oil, beside, Maister power 4.53% OD, at full rate alone (500 cm 3 fed.), with hand hoeing twice at 20 and 40 days after sowing and weedy check. Each experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Blocks Design with four replicates. The results showed that both Atazan 75%WG and Steler star 21%SL at reduced rate 50% of full rate (25 g and 150 cm 3 fed., respectively) combined with mulching rice or wheat straw (both of them at 10 ton fed.), also, the same herbicides at reduced rate 25% of full rate (37.5 g fed. and 225 cm 3 fed., respectively) with adding mineral oil at 1% gave superiority a significant differences whereas, weed control efficiency of Atazan combinations reached to (87.8, 86.8 and 84.3%), while Steler star combinations were (88.6, 87.6 and 84.9%), compared to full rate of each Atazan and Steler star alone (69.0 and 73.8%, respectively) in the first season. In the second season the same trend was achieved as the previous treatments. Concerning grain yield, its components and quality characters of maize; the results revealed that combinations of Atazan 75%WG and Steler star 21%SL at reduced rate 50% of full rates (25 g fed. and 150 cm 3 fed., respectively) with rice or wheat straw (both at 10 ton fed.) gave the highest values over both Atazan 75%WG and Steler star 21%SL at reduced rate 25% (37.5 g fed. and 225 cm 3 fed., respectively) with mineral oil. But all these combinations gave significant increase compared to both Atazan 75%WG or Steler star21% SL at full rate alone, in the first and second seasons. Therefore, it could be concluded from this study; using integrated mulching or mineral oil with reduced doses of herbicides will achieve more efficiency weed control than herbicides at full rate alone without loss in maize yield and its components.
Two field experiments were conducted during two successive seasons (2018 and 2019), at Sids Agricultural Research Station, Bani Swif, Egypt, to evaluate efficacy and selectivity of some soilapplied herbicides (Butralin at 120 g, Pendimethalin at 773.5 g and Acetochlor at 840 g a.i. fed.). In addition, hand hoeing (twice) and weed check (control), under influence of different application methods as pre-emergence (experiment 1) or pre-planting (experiment 2) on vegetative growth and grain sorghum were simultaneously examined. Each experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Blocks Design, with four replicates. The results showed that there was no difference on efficacy of weed control between two application methods of soil-herbicides whereas there was satisfactory controlling effect of total weeds in both seasons. Also, the results revealed that in the preemergence application gave the highest injury in vegetative growth, which were inversely related between the vegetative growth and yield and its components. Whereas the increasing reduction in number of plants/plot, yield and its components decreased. On the contrary, in pre-planting application there was no adverse effect on vegetative growth, rather there was a positive correlation, whereas increases in number of plants/plot, yield and its components increased, in both seasons. Generally, it is concluded that, sorghum vegetative growth, yield and its components were not affected by these herbicides, so that appear to have good potential for controlling effect on weeds and selectivity of grain sorghum when applied pre-planting (14 days from application) but (pre-emergence) is risky.
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