Background Thyroid hormones are essential for normal development and function of the central nervous system. Thyroid dysfunction is associated with many neuropsychiatric disorders mainly cognitive impairment. Results We found a close correlation between thyroid status and cognitive dysfunction. Serum FT3 levels decreased, whereas the serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level increased, with the decline in cognitive functions. Furthermore, the TSH level showed a negative correlation with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. We suggested that thyroid function was associated with cognitive impairments induced by subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD). Conclusion We found that thyroid dysfunction especially subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with cognitive impairment. Dementia increases more with more increase in TSH, and the MMSE score decreases with the increase of age.
Objective This study assessed the efficacy and safety of different modalities for managing nasolacrimal duct obstruction and epiphora in children over one year. Methods We performed a non-randomized prospective study on 98 children (149 eyes) with epiphora and no history of lacrimal operation. The selected candidates attended the ENT and ophthalmology outpatient clinics of Minia University Hospital, seeking to treat epiphora that may or may not be associated with sinonasal pathology. Nasolacrimal operations involved a joint approach involving an otorhinolaryngologist and an ophthalmologist. Results Ninety-eight children (149 eyes) were identified. Ages varied from 1 to 12 years old. Conservative measures were successful in 32.6% of children. Silicone stents were used in 27.5% of the interventions with a mean time to removal of 3–6 months. The success rate for dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) was 85.7%. Revision surgery was performed in 10% of probing cases, 8% of intubation cases, and 14.3% of DCR patients. The concomitant chronic sinonasal problems were evident in 62.2% of patients. Conclusion Conservative measures, probing, endonasal nasolacrimal intubation, endoscopic DCR, and external DCR are safe and effective procedures for epiphora in children. Also, correcting concomitant nasopharyngeal or sinonasal diseases in epiphora patients is crucial for successful management, overcoming recurrence, and minimizing morbidity.
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is strongly associated with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This work aimed to estimate the impact of Hepatitis C virus infection on glycaemic state and insulin resistance in type 2 Diabetic patients, and evaluate the effect of directacting oral antiviral treatment on the glycaemic state and insulin resistance in type 2 Diabetic patients. Methods: The study was performed on (40 patients) with Type 2 Diabetes who were infected by Hepatitis C Virus and took Direct-acting Oral Antiviral Drugs. The study also included (10 patients) who had Type 2 Diabetes and HCV infection serving as control group. All patients and control were subjected to thorough history taking, clinical examination, and lab. investigations as FBG, PP and HBA1c , Serum fasting Insulin level,
Background: Anemia represents a significant problem to deal with in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on haemodialysis (HD). This work aimed to determine the usefulness of measuring serum hepcidin level in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis and anemia, and assess the possible correlation between serum hepcidin level and markers of iron status (serum iron, serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity and iron saturation), erythropoietin resistance and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein). Methods: The study was performed on (50 patients) with end stage renal disease on maintenance haemodialysis. Patients were divided into two groups: group (I): 40 patients who have anaemia responsive to erythropoietin therapy and group (II): 10 patients who have anaemia resistant to erythropoietin therapy. All patients were subjected to thorough history taking, clinical examination, and laboratory investigations. Results: serum hepcidin level was higher in all patients with erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) < 15 compared to patients with ERI > 15. There was a highly significant positive correlation between serum hepcidin level and ERI and significant negative correlation between serum hepcidin level and serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation. But no significant correlation between serum hepcidin level and C-reactive protein. Conclusion: Hepcidin is associated with anemia, markers of iron status and erythropoietin resistance. If used as a diagnostic tool, it might improve iron therapy in patients with functional iron deficiency due to reticuloendothelial blockage of iron transport. This is important to avoid iron overload and to improve erythropoietin (EPO) response in patients with ESRD.
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