To detail an easy approach to identify the changes that moxifloxacin and flunixin meglumine have caused in the dam of female rats. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: This study was conducted on thirty-five female (170-200 gm) mature white rats (170-200 gm) and clinically intact, 20 mature male albino rats for the purpose of mating. Procedures: Once mating has occurred, this is considered the first day of pregnancy. Rats were randomly divided into seven groups 1) a control group 2) The moxifloxacin group 6 days 3) the moxifloxacin group 13 days 4) the flunixin meglumine group 6 days 5) the flunixin meglumine group 13 days 6) the moxifloxacin and flunixin meglumine mg group 6 days 7) the moxifloxacin and flunixin meglumine mg group on day 13. Rats were killed on the days specified for the sixth day and the thirteenth day. Blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical analysis of blood and tissue for pathological examination. Results: Moxifloxacin and flunixin meglumine and their combination have been shown to have some negative effects in mothers of rats, so we recommend that caution be exercised when using moxifloxacin and flunixin meglumine during pregnancy. It was found that the tested drugs had caused a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels compared to the control group. The histopathological examination of mothers, who were given moxifloxacin and flunixin meglumine and their mixtures, showed variable alterations in kidney, liver and placenta. Conclusion and clinical relevance:From the above it is clear that moxifloxacin and flunixin meglumine and their combination have caused some negative effects for pregnant rats, so we recommend that you use caution when using moxifloxacin and flunixin meglumine during pregnancy.
To evaluate the effect of norfloxacin on pregnant female rats. Animals: 30 pregnant female rats (170-200 gm of weight and 3.5-4 months age). Design: Randomized controlled study. Procedures: The effect of orally administrated norfloxacin, given twice daily for 10 successive days, on the fetal development in pregnant female rats at therapeutic (35 mg/kg) and double therapeutic (70 mg/kg) doses was investigated in pregnant female rats. At 6 th -15 th day of pregnancy, 30 females were classified, in groups of ten rats, into 3 groups. Group 1 (control group): rats were given distilled water orally. Group 2: rats were given norfloxacin at a dose rate of 35 mg/kg bwt. Group 3: rats were given norfloxacin at a double therapeutic dose of 70 mg/kg bwt. At 20 th day of gestation all pregnant rats were anesthetized to determine the changes; if any; in fetal development (morphological, visceral, skeletal and histopathological examinations) and on treated dams (biochemical parameters of serum and histopathological alterations in placenta, liver and kidney). Results: Administration of norfloxacin, in both doses, to pregnant females decreased the number of viable feti, fetal body weight and crown-rump length, and increased the number of resorbed feti (P< 0.05). It also induced visceral and skeletal abnormalities in feti. Histopathological examination of internal organs to both dams and feti revealed pathological alterations in liver and kidney of both, and placenta of the dam. Administration of norfloxacin at both therapeutic and double therapeutic doses increased maternal serum transferases levels (ALT and AST), decreased serum albumin and total portein levels, and increased serum levels of urea and creatinine (P< 0.05). Conclusion and clinical relevance:High doses of norfloxacin induce fetal defects and abnormalities in early stage of gestation in rats.
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