resumo Diante da crise ambiental atual, diversas disciplinas científicas têm se voltado para sua análise, a fim de apontar soluções para dirimir ou minimizar os danos ambientais e sociais causados pelas atividades econômicas e por outros tipos de fatores de pressão ambiental. Este artigo propõe-se inicialmente a mostrar sucintamente como mudou a visão geográfica predominante no mundo ocidental a respeito da relação entre as populações humanas e o ambiente. Uma mudança de visão que foi reflexo das mudanças que estavam em curso na geografia como um todo, resguardadas as diferenças entre os países. Discute-se ainda que a crise ambiental é uma crise do conhecimento, como afirmam cada vez mais autores. Este texto culmina com as virtudes e limitações da geografia na busca desse entendimento, no intuito de colaborar para seu avançar.
The Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Brazil is a political-institutional process, manifested in the establishment of the National Coastal Management Plan (NCMP) and in the formulation and implementation of specific tools for territorial planning in the coastal zone, as well as other activities related to ICZM in Brazil. This work analyses some official documents related to the Brazilian NCMP and to the frequently used tools for performing ICZM in Brazil: Macrodiagnostic of Coastal Zone, Orla Project and Coastal Ecological and Economic Zoning. The analysis is based on legislative, ecological and socioeconomic indicators, found in the Handbook for Measuring the Progress and Outcomes of Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management, published in 2006 by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission. The results indicate adequacy of NCMP and tools on the definition and delimitation of the coastal zone, as the institutional processes of coordination and cooperation within the ICZM and about the diagnostics and the territorial planning of the coastal zone. However, the Brazilian NCMP as the cited tools still need to fully meet the major global goal of the ICZM, as internationally defined by the Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP), with respect to the improvement of the life quality of coastal populations who depends on the sea resources and with respect to the environmental conservation of the Brazilian coastal zone. With the wide dissemination of results, is expected to contribute to the improvement of NCMPs and ICZM tools maintained worldwide, since we emphasize the importance of including the international general objectives of the ICZM, as well as inclusion the dimensions of sustainability in the ICZM processes, so try to ensure economic growth, coupled with respect to coastal populations and environmental conservation in coastal areas.
Many maritime disasters lead to oil pollution, which undermines ecosystem balance, human health, the prosperity of countries and coastal areas across borders, and people's livelihoods. This is a problem that affects the whole world. Governments must strive to ensure that operations in the marine environment are safe and avoid oil pollution by adopting methods that anticipate future scenarios to mitigate the effects of this pollution when it occurs. This study investigates a method of managing contaminated coastal areas, aiming to contribute to the management of the environmental crisis caused by disasters through the use of online collaborative mapping by volunteer collaborators. Volunteer collaborators have been sending georeferenced data and photographs of locations affected by pollution. This information is processed and printed on a cartographic basis created by the web-mapping platform, Google MyMaps©. Photos of 90 locations were plotted on the map, and the pictures demonstrate that the oil slicks that reached the Brazilian coast had very different shapes and consistency. This research can contribute as a participatory monitoring tool during and after oil spills, promoting the oriented preservation of marine ecosystems through citizen science.
Resenha - O livro Gestão ambiental e sustentabilidade em áreas costeiras e marinhas: conceitos e práticas é uma iniciativa do Instituto Virtual para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Ivides.org), com o intuito de disseminar conhecimento científico gerado por uma série de pesquisadores que têm se dedicado aos estudos da zona costeira, bioma tão estratégico e importante para o país, e de outras áreas de igual relevância que fazem interface com ele. O livro foi concebido e organizado por Raquel D. Souto, em face da carência de bibliografia sobre a temática, especificamente para a zona costeira, e comporta visões diferenciadas sobre a problemática em questão.
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