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Intimate partner violence is associated with inadequate breastfeeding practices of children aged 2 days to 6 months of life.

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ResultsSome (7.1%) babies were born underweight, and 33.6% of the mothers had been exposed to physical intimate partner violence. Physical intimate partner violence was significantly associated with low birth weight (OR=3.69; 95%CI=1. 57-8.66). Notably, the odds of low birth weight increase with the severity of violence. ConclusionThese findings draw attention to the consequences of physical intimate partner violence on the nutritional status of newborns and emphasize the need of greater attention during prenatal care to improve women's quality of life and to reduce the rate of low birth weight.Keywords: Birth weight. Nutrition. Spouse abuse. Violence. R E S U M O ObjetivoInvestigar a associação da violência física entre parceiros íntimos e a ocorrência de baixo peso ao nascer. Métodos O período de tempo investigado referiu-se aos 12 meses anteriores à entrevista. A violência física entre parceiros íntimos foi analisada de maneira dicotômica e cumulativa. As associações entre violência física entre parceiros íntimos e baixo peso ao nascer foram verificadas via modelos de regressão logística, mediante estimativas de razões de chances brutas e ajustadas e seus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança. ResultadosNasceram com baixo peso 7,1% das crianças e foram expostas à violência física entre parceiros íntimos 33,6% das mulheres estudadas. A violência física entre parceiros íntimos foi significativamente associada com o baixo peso ao nascer (OR=3,69; IC95%=1,66

Objectives We aim to describe the research protocols developed for the System to Monitor the International Code for Breast Milk Substitutes NBCAL in Brazil (known as “The Brazilian Code”). Methods We have developed an internet-based program for ongoing monitoring of the Brazilian Code. Eleven institutions from all the 5 Brazilian regions were involved to develop and validate a standardized questionnaire to monitor retail stores and health facilities. This questionnaire was adapted to the system and can be filled in a computer or mobile device. Three users were designed: citizens, governmental agencies, research institutions, with different accesses and data entry. Results Besides the creation of a questionnaire, we have developed standardized indicators to enable in-country comparations regarding the type of Brazilian Code violations, namely: 1. frequency of marketing by product groups and by type of commercial establishment; 2. prevalence of infringement by product group and by type of commercial establishment; 3. prevalence of each commercial promotion strategy by type of establishment; 4. prevalence of infractions of infant formulas and childcare-related products by company. Violation of the Brazilian Code was categorized in the price discounts or offers, special exposure on gondola tips or in highlighted displays and the distribution of promotional gifts or free samples of these items are prohibited. We have found violations of the Brazilian Code in 60,1% of the 1487 retail stores evaluated and 24,2% of the 14 hospitals accessed. Conclusions Understand and evaluate the main marketing strategies and violations of the Brazilian Code” trough the Sis-NBCAL is essential to progress in strengthening compliance with the “Code” and subsequent protection of the breastfeeding, guaranteeing a marketing-free environment to enable mothers and their families to make the best food choices for their children. Funding Sources Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/Ministry of Health: “Idéias Inovadoras” grant.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a relação da violência física entre parceiros íntimos (VFPI) e a oferta de leite materno (LM), os substitutos do leite materno (SLM) e o uso de mamadeiras entre crianças entre 12 e 15 meses. Estudo transversal com mães em unidades de saúde do município do Rio de Janeiro, realizado entre junho de 2005 e dezembro de 2009. A VFPI foi identificada pela versão brasileira da Conflict Tactics Scales 1- Form R e as práticas de alimentação foram identificadas por recordatório de 24 horas. As associações foram verificadas por regressão logística mediante estimativas de razão de chances (RC) e intervalos de confiança de 95%. O leite materno foi ofertado a 58,5% das crianças e os substitutos do leite materno a 88,5%, e 70,5% das crianças usavam mamadeira. A violência física foi observada em 26,7% dos casais. Em lares onde os casais se agridem fisicamente há uma maior chance de não ofertar leite materno, maior chance de ofertar substitutos do leite materno e de usar mamadeira comparado aos lares onde não existe violência física. Os resultados chamam atenção para a necessidade de se investigar as relações intrafamiliares em casos que são identificadas práticas inadequadas de aleitamento, e de capacitar os profissionais de saúde para apoiar as famílias em situações de conflito.

The present study describes the cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version (Rio de Janeiro) of the Caregiver’s Feeding Styles Questionnaire (CFSQ) among caregivers of children aged 3 to 6 years enrolled in a family health service in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The cross-cultural adaptation process included the following phases: (1) literature review; (2) translation and back-translation of the instrument; (3) assessment of semantic equivalence through cognitive interviews with caregivers; (4) discussion with experts; (5) pretesting of the revised version; and (6) assessment of psychometric characteristics, including reliability and validity of the scale. Results showed the appropriateness of the caregiver’s feeding styles concept within the Brazilian culture and that the instrument was understandable to caregivers enrolled in a family health service. The CFSQ measurements showed perfect intra-observer reliability for “demandingness” and almost perfect for “responsiveness”. Inter-observer reliability was almost perfect for both dimensions, “demandingness” and “responsiveness”. Factor analysis of the Brazilian CFSQ version proposed an instrument with one dimension and 13 items. The satisfactory results of the cross-cultural adaptation of the CFSQ suggest its applicability in the population of interest with the possible reduction of some scale items.

Objective: to elucidate publications and indicate reflections that describe and discuss the "state of the art", involving trans people and important agendas of the transsexualization process in health. Method: narrative review, with literature published in books and scientific evidence, as well as information on bills, resolutions and decrees, with reflections on the main historical perspectives, epistemological and contemporary aspects involving transgender people. Development: gender identity contemplates the essentialist, constructivist and post-structuralist perspective. In the post-structuralist perspective, gender would be a mechanism through which the notions of masculine and feminine are built, to be a woman is to become a woman insofar as the body is forced to correspond to a historical model of woman, materializing itself even within certain conditions, limits and possibilities delimited by culture. Over the decades, some rights have been achieved with the emergence of new forms of recognition of different gender identities. In the United States, in the National Transgender Discrimination Survey, one of the “Gender Not Listed Here” questions is already being considered. In Germany, the option "diverse" as a gender category, in certificates and other documents, is already part of the routine, including highlighting that binary designations would be discriminatory and violate guarantees of individual freedom. In Austria, for example, there is the option to register as a non-binary person since 2018, through the European Convention on Human Rights. In Japan, the gender considered X refers to a non-binary identity, known as an alternative to man and to woman. In Australia, the option of gender, in the passport, has already made possible some alternatives since 2003. In Brazil, some advances in ensuring respect for the gender identity of trans people can be highlighted. In 2018, a decision of the Federal Supreme Court authorized the change of the civil registry name and biological sex, without the need for surgery or a psychiatric report, dispensing with the opening of legal proceedings, and the procedure can be carried out directly at the notary's office. Science-based health is also a relevant issue and over the past 10 years, health research involving gender identity has increased significantly. This is inevitably reflected in care protocols, materials provided by the SUS, consensus and clinical guidelines. There are important data on the cardiometabolic vulnerability of the trans population, dermatoses, bone susceptibility, among other demands, due to hormone. In addition, health professionals, in most cases, are not trained with this type of content and the situation follows a vicious cycle. Final considerations: it is interesting to note how access to healthcare technologies, such as transgenitalization surgery or hormone, influence transgender identities, research about the construction of political identities, movements, highlighting the influence of social indicators of class and generation in the conflicts related to the identities of the transsexual woman and the non-binary trans. The text brings fundamental reflections and allows health professionals to acquire and update their knowledge on this topic in a short period of time.