ResumoO presente trabalho objetivou verificar a ocorrência de fungos produtores de micotoxinas, especialmente dos gêneros Aspergillus, Fusarium e Penicillium, em granola comercializada em Porto Alegre, uma vez que este alimento vem apresentando crescente consumo. Estes fungos filamentosos são evidenciados freqüentemente em cereais, os quais apresentam grande incidência em produtos à base de granola. Amostras de granola foram adquiridas no Mercado Público de Porto Alegre, no período de agosto de 2004 a abril de 2005, nas quatro estações do ano. A coleta baseou-se em quatro amostras de diferentes procedências, duas das quais são comercializadas embaladas e lacradas e duas comercializadas a granel. As análises seguiram os procedimentos descritos pelo Compendium of Methods for Examination of Foods. A identificação dos fungos baseou-se na morfologia macroscópica e microscópica, com auxílio de chaves de identificação. Os resultados evidenciaram a presença dos três gêneros fúngicos, com predominância de Aspergillus em três estações. No verão houve maior desenvolvimento micelial e no outono, menor crescimento de fungos. Os resultados sugerem maior controle e fiscalização, visando eliminar qualquer ocorrência de microrganismos produtores de toxinas em granola. Palavras-chave: micotoxinas; alimentos; patogenicidade; segurança alimentar. AbstractThe following work, had the purpose to verify the occurrence of fungi which produce mycotoxin, specially the Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium genus in the granola commercialized in Porto Alegre, once that this food is having an increasing consumption.These fibered fungi are certified frequently in cereals, which are found in the granola (a mix of grains, nuts and dried fruits, sometimes coated with oil and honey, eaten for breakfast or as a snack). Granola samples were acquired in the Public Market of Porto Alegre since August 2004 until April 2005, during the four seasons of the year. The collection was based on four samples of different origins, two of which are commercialized packed and sealed up, and the other two commercialized in bulk. The analyses had followed the described procedures for Compendium of Methods for Examination of Foods. The fungi identification was based on the macroscopic and microscopic morphology, with the assistance of identification keys. The results certified the presence of Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium fungi, with the predominance of the Aspergillus genus in three seasons. In summer it had a bigger mycelium development and in autumn the lowest fungi growth. The results suggest a bigger control and inspection, seeking for eliminate any occurrence of microorganism producer of toxins in the granola. Keywords: mycotoxins; food; pathogenicity; food security. Alguns gêneros deste grupo de microrganismos são responsáveis pela produção de toxinas, as micotoxinas, entre as quais, destacam-se: a aflatoxina, ocratoxina A, zearalenona, patulina, fumonisina, tricoteceno e citrinina 22 . O processo de invasão por fungos e a contaminação por micotoxinas...
The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner on the termite Nasutitermes ehrhardti (Isoptera, Termitidae) were evaluated under laboratory conditions. From 55 Bt subspecies assayed in vivo under controlled conditions seven were found to be pathogenic in the subspecies yunnanensis, huazhongiensis, brasiliensis, colmeri and kurstaki (less than 72% of mortality), particularly sooncheon and roskildiensis (100% mortality at the seventh day after the bacteria application). The LC50 for subspecie sooncheon corresponded to 47x10 8 , 66.2x10 6 and 5.1x10 5 cells/ml, at the third, fifth and seventh day, respectively. For the subspecie roskildiensis the LC50 corresponded to 30.8x10 5 , 48.4x10 6 and 16.8x10 4 cells/ml, at the third, fifth and seventh day, respectively. The results show that the two most pathogenic subspecies effectively may be studied with regard to control the termite N. ehrhardti.
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