<p>La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer los estilos de aprendizaje en los estudiantes de las escuelas de negocios de una universidad privada del departamento de Lambayeque. Mediante una encuesta aplicada, prueba de estilos de aprendizaje VARK, a 218 universitarios/as (71 estudiantes de Administración y 147 estudiantes de Administración de Negocios Internacionales), del II al X ciclo de las escuelas de negocios de dicha universidad durante el primer semestre del 2018. Se encontró que el 25.5% de los/as estudiantes tienen un estilo de aprendizaje multimodal; asimismo, se halló que la edad está asociada significativamente a los estilos de aprendizaje. Finalmente, se demuestra una relación significativa del estilo de aprendizaje y la escuela profesional, de un lado los/las estudiantes de Administración tienen en su mayoría un estilo de aprendizaje multimodal (dos o más estilos); mientras que los/las estudiantes de Negocios Internacionales tienen un estilo de aprendizaje lecto/escritora.</p>
Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the metric properties of a questionnaire that evaluates environmental and ecological purchasing behavior, environmental personal norms, environmental identity and environmental social influence. Design/methodology/approach The validity and reliability of the scales of the questionnaires were determined in a sample of 2445 consumers from Lima (Peru), selected through non-probabilistic sampling by quotas and by factorial analysis based on Classical Theory of Tests (CTT) and Structural Equations of Variance with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Findings The results support the construct and discriminant validity of the instrument, as well as the internal consistency of all the subscales (Cronbach’s alpha between 0.662 and 0.8887 – composite reliability between 0.815 and 0.917). Research limitations/implications Customers evaluated were only from Lima city. It would be important to evaluate, in future research, customers from other cities in Peru. Practical implications Although a large number of instruments have been designed, not all are based on integral theoretical models, and their metric properties were determined with methodological criteria that restrict their applicability. Therefore, there is a need to have valid and reliable instruments for the identification of environmental behavior and ecological purchasing. Social implications This “new questionnaire” integrates the exploration of environmental behavior and ecological purchasing, along with the measurement of personal environmental norms, environmental identity and the social influence received from peers and teachers, to provide a comprehensive picture of the consumer behavior. Originality/value This research constitutes a theoretical and practical contribution to the understanding and evaluation of ecological behavior and some of its associated factors. Its main contribution is the adaptation of this instrument to the Peruvian context and the validation of an instrument that evaluates environmental and ecological purchasing behavior, personal environmental standards, environmental identity and environmental social influence.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the prevalence of economic violence against women, specifically in formal sector micro-firms managed by women in Peru, a key Latin American emerging market. Additionally, the authors have identified the demographic characteristics of the micro-firms, financing and credit associated with women who suffer economic violence. Design/methodology/approach In this study, a structured questionnaire was administered to a representative sample nationwide (357 female micro-entrepreneurs). Findings The authors found that 22.2 percent of female micro-entrepreneurs have been affected by economic violence at some point in their lives, while at the same time 25 percent of respondents have been forced by their partner to obtain credit against their will. Lower education level, living with one’s partner, having children, business location in the home, lower income, not having access to credit, not applying credit to working capital needs, late payments and being forced to obtain credit against one’s will were all factors associated with economic violence. Furthermore, the results showed a significant correlation between suffering economic violence and being a victim of other types of violence (including psychological, physical or sexual); the highest correlation was with serious physical violence (r=0.523, p<0.01). Research limitations/implications A limitation of this study is that the authors measured economic violence only in terms of misappropriation or theft of funds from the business, but not in terms of exacting control over economic resources, which can be a way of depriving the micro-entrepreneur of her autonomy in the management of the business. Practical implications The authors hope that the findings and conclusions reported here might open a renewed debate among academia, financial service providers, micro-firms, civil society and the public sector, providing a conceptual framework and a starting point to design effective, integrated and inter-sectoral prevention efforts. Social implications The authors recommend that efforts to reduce intimate partner violence be strengthened, taking into account the issue of gender inequality. It is not sufficient that social policy solely be designed to eliminate violence. Originality/value Previous research on gender violence has tended to examine the nature and causes of psychological, physical and sexual violence; this study, however, intends to contribute to the understanding of economic gender violence in the context of formal sector small business in a Latin American emerging market.
<p>El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar el efecto del ausentismo y presentismo sobre el rendimiento académico en los estudiantes de pregrado de las Escuelas de Negocios e Ingenierías en las Universidades Peruanas. El estudio se sustenta en una encuesta de autoreporte a 8,203 estudiantes de las escuelas de negocios e ingenierías de las universidades peruanas. Se emplearon escalas para analizar el ausentismo, presentismo y rendimiento académico que mostraron adecuadas propiedades psicométricas. Los resultados evidenciaron que el presentismo tiene un mayor impacto sobre el rendimiento académico disminuido de los estudiantes (β = 0.628) en comparación al ausentismo (β = 0.101). El ausentismo tiene un mayor efecto sobre los cursos y ciclos desaprobados (β = 0.163) y el presentismo sobre la evolución del rendimiento académico (β = -0.145). Finalmente, mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales se demuestra la estructura causal de la disminución del rendimiento académico a partir del ausentismo y presentismo.</p>
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